Heavy episodic drinking among French adolescents between 2005 and 2022: decreasing prevalence rates and increased risks.

Objective: To study the prevalence of alcohol use among French adolescents over time and factors associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED) among drinkers.

Method: Our analysis relies on six waves of a standardized cross, sectional survey conducted in mainland France between 2005 and 2022. The overall sample size comprises 179905 adolescents aged 17 (90166 males and 89739 females).

Predictors of concurrent heroin use among patients on opioid maintenance treatment in France: a multilevel study over 11 years.

Background: Consistent reports from health professionals suggest that heroin is commonly used by patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in France, potentially jeopardizing their recovery process. However, there has been no formal epidemiological assessment on the matter.

Methods: We use a yearly updated compendium retrieving information on patients admitted in treatment centres in France between 2010 and 2020.

[An overview of tobacco use in France: Observed trends and new challenges].

This article reports changes in tobacco and vaping consumption in France over the last thirty years and the issues they raise for public authorities in terms of prevention and management of the social and health consequences. This report is the result of a joint analysis by Santé publique France (SpF) and the French Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT). It shows that there has been a “generational shift” in tobacco consumption and social representations of cigarettes since the mid-2010s, with a sharp decline in tobacco initiation among adolescents, which has become less common and reported at an older age, which was one of the objectives of the national tobacco reduction plans.

Country and sex measurement invariance of the Cannabis abuse screening test (CAST) in European Youth.

Background: Monitoring the prevalence of problematic cannabis use is an important public health issue. International surveys need invariant measurement tools to allow reliable comparisons across countries and between sexes. The Cannabis abuse screening test (CAST) has been developed for this purpose.

[Not Available].

This article reports changes in tobacco and vaping consumption in France over the last thirty years and the issues they raise for public authorities in terms of prevention and management of the social and health consequences. This report is the result of a joint analysis by Santé publique France (SpF) and the French Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT). It shows that there has been a "generational shift" in tobacco consumption and social representations of cigarettes since the mid-2010s, with a sharp decline in tobacco initiation among adolescents, which has become less common and reported at an older age, which was one of the objectives of the national tobacco reduction plans.

Community- and individual-level risk factors of past month e-cigarette use among adolescents in France.

Purpose: Studies of adolescent e-cigarette use infrequently consider how environmental effects impact use. Adolescent e-cigarette use in France is also understudied, yet an important contrast since e-cigarette use rarely precedes conventional tobacco use and daily tobacco use is common. We examine whether there is significant variation in e-cigarette use across the geographic unit of départements (n = 95), and whether community factors explain these differences and individual-level probabilities of e-cigarette use.

Experimenting first with e-cigarettes versus first with cigarettes and transition to daily cigarette use among adolescents: the crucial effect of age at first experiment.

Background And Aims: Most studies in English-speaking countries have found a positive association between e-cigarette experimentation and subsequent daily tobacco smoking among adolescents. However, this result may not be valid in other cultural contexts; in addition, few studies have assessed whether this association varies with the subject' age at the time of e-cigarette experimentation. This study aimed to estimate the association between experimenting first with e-cigarette (rather than tobacco) and subsequent daily smoking according to age at the time of experimentation.

Why do apprentices smoke much more than high school students? Understanding educational disparities in smoking with a Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis.

Background: Educational disparities in daily smoking begin during adolescence and can lead to educational disparities in health among adults. In particular, vocational students including apprentices have higher daily smoking rates compared to non-vocational students. This study aimed to identify the determinants of the gap in daily smoking between French apprentices and high school students aged 17 in 2008 and in 2017.

Does e-cigarette experimentation increase the transition to daily smoking among young ever-smokers in France?

Introduction: According to multiple studies, e-cigarette use among adolescents is associated with subsequent smoking initiation. However, little is known about its effect on the transition from smoking initiation to daily smoking.

Methods: Using retrospective data from a French national representative survey collected in 2017 (n = 39,115), we analyzed the role of ever using e-cigarettes on daily cigarette smoking status at 17 among ever smokers (n = 21,401).

Increasing socioeconomic disparities in tobacco smoking decline among French adolescents (2000-2017).

Background: This paper studies the evolution of transitions from first cigarette use to daily use by socioeconomic status (SES) among French adolescents over the course of 17 years, in a context of decreasing prevalence of tobacco use.

Methods: A total of 182 266 adolescents participated in the nationally representative ESCAPAD survey at nine different time points between 2000 and 2017. Discrete time-event analysis was used to model the transition to daily cigarette use as a function of SES, gender, age at onset and the use of other psychoactive substances.

[Use of electronic cigarette in France among adolescents aged 17: Results from the ESCAPAD 2017 survey].

Introduction: The use of electronic cigarettes has become relatively popular in France since 2010, including among adolescents. However, its use in relation to smoking and other factors is not well understood today.

Methods: The data come from the ESCAPAD 2017 survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey taking place at a 1-day session of civic and military information compulsory for all French nationals around 17 (39,115 respondents).

Doping among high school students: findings from the French ESPAD survey.

Background: The increasing use of doping by youth is a growing public health concern. The present study aimed to calculate robust estimates of the prevalence of doping among French high school students and study factors related to the use of licit vs. banned agents.

On the question of non-medical cognitive enhancers among in-school adolescents: prevalence, predictors and potential health-related harms.

Little is known about the use of non-medical cognitive enhancers (NCEs) in the general population, and even less among youth. The study utilises a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adolescents attending high schools to provide a comprehensive overview of NCEs and to assess risk factors such as socio-demographics, schooling, mental health and related substance use among French adolescents. A total of 6692 students attending high school (secondary schools) answered an anonymous questionnaire collecting information on demographics, health, psychoactive substance uses (neuroleptics, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illicit substances) and patterns of sociability.

Revisiting Factors Associated With Screen Time Media Use: A Structural Study Among School-Aged Adolescents.

Background: Screen-based media overuse has been related to harmful consequences especially among children and adolescents. Given their complex interrelationships, predictors of screen time (ST) should be analyzed simultaneously rather than individually to avoid incomplete conclusions.

Methods: Structural equation models were conducted to examine associations between media ST (television, video games, and computers) along with harmful consequences in adolescents' well-being, such as underweight and overweight, depression, and school failure.

'Are The Times A-Changin'? Trends in adolescent substance use in Europe.

Aims: To estimate temporal trends in adolescents' current cigarette, alcohol and cannabis use in Europe by gender and region, test for regional differences and evaluate regional convergence.

Design And Setting: Five waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 28 countries between 1999 and 2015. Countries were grouped into five regions [northern (NE), southern (SE), western (WE), eastern Europe (EE) and the Balkans (BK)].

Relative deprivation and episodes of drunkenness among French and Canadian adolescents.

Introduction And Aims: Studies link socio-economic deprivation to alcohol consumption in adolescents, but the role of relative deprivation has been understudied and may be equally important. This study investigates the association between relative deprivation and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents in France and Canada.

Design And Methods: We used data from the 2014 Health Behaviours in School-aged Children study collected from 15-year-olds in Canada (n = 4276) and France (n = 1625).

Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use: Do students with mild-intellectual disability mimic students in the general population?

Education policies encourage inclusion of students with mild-intellectual disability (mild-ID) in community/school life. However, such policies potentially increase exposure to substance use. This article examines tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use among French students enrolled in special units for students with disabilities (ULIS) at mainstream junior high schools compared to those of general population of the equivalent age; and explores factors associated with substance use among ULIS students, known to present mostly mild-ID.

France's Évin Law on the control of alcohol advertising: content, effectiveness and limitations.

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of the 2015 version of the French Évin Law that was implemented in 1991 with the objective of protecting young people from alcohol advertising.

Design: Data were obtained from survey questions measuring exposure and receptivity to alcohol advertisements that were introduced for the first time in the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD).

Participants And Setting: A representative sample of 6642 10th-12th grade students (mean age 17.

Reframing video gaming and internet use addiction: empirical cross-national comparison of heavy use over time and addiction scales among young users.

Background And Aims: Evidence-based and reliable measures of addictive disorders are needed in general population-based assessments. One study suggested that heavy use over time (UOT) should be used instead of self-reported addiction scales (AS). This study compared UOT and AS regarding video gaming and internet use empirically, using associations with comorbid factors.

Socialization instances linked to cannabis experimentation among French teenagers.

France presents one of the highest prevalence of teenagers aged 15-year-olds who report they already have experienced cannabis in Europe. Data from the French 2010 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HSBC) survey and environmental parameters typifying schools' neighborhoods were used to study cannabis experimentation. We conducted a two-level logistic regression (clusters being schools) on 4,175 French 8th-10th graders from 156 schools.

Correction of body-mass index using body-shape perception and socioeconomic status in adolescent self-report surveys.

Objectives: To propose a simple correction of body-mass index (BMI) based on self-reported weight and height (reported BMI) using gender, body shape perception and socioeconomic status in an adolescent population.

Methods: 341 boys and girls aged 17-18 years were randomly selected from a representative sample of 2165 French adolescents living in Paris surveyed in 2010. After an anonymous self-administered pen-and-paper questionnaire asking for height, weight, body shape perception (feeling too thin, about the right weight or too fat) and socioeconomic status, subjects were measured and weighed.

Opposite social gradient for alcohol use and misuse among French adolescents.

Background: This study investigates the association of the family occupational category (F-OC) with adolescent alcohol use and its potential variation according to the frequency of use.

Methods: A national survey representative of adolescents aged 17 living in continental France conducted in 2005 (n = 29,393). Three outcomes were considered: overall use describes the drinking status (lifetime abstinence, use before the month prior the survey, use in the month prior the survey) without considering the frequency of use; last month use and binge drinking detail the frequency of use (1-5 uses, 6-9, 10-19 and 20+ uses) and of binge drinking (0, 1-2, 3-5, 6+ episodes of 5+ glasses in a single occasion) of the previous month users.