At the intersection of sexual and reproductive health and HIV services: use of moderately effective family planning among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.

Background: Female sex workers are vulnerable to HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancies; however, the literature on female sex workers (FSW) focuses primarily on HIV and is limited regarding these other health issues.

Methods: We conducted a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey during April-December 2012 to characterize the reproductive health of and access to contraceptives FSW in Kampala, Uganda. Eligibility criteria included age ≥ 15 years, residence in greater Kampala, and having sold sex to men in ≤ 6 months.

Development, Validation, and Utility of Species-Specific Diagnostic Markers for Detection of .

is an oomycete and the cause of basil downy mildew, one of the most destructive diseases affecting basil production worldwide. Disease management is challenging due to wind-dispersed sporangia and contaminated seed; therefore, identifying in seed lots before sale or planting or in the field before symptoms develop could allow for timely deployment of disease management strategies. In this study, a draft genome assembly and next-generation sequencing reads for , as well as publicly available DNA-seq and RNA-seq reads of several other downy mildew pathogens, were incorporated into a bioinformatics pipeline to predict -specific diagnostic markers.

Impact of COVID-19 public health restrictions on hospital admissions for young infants in Victoria, Australia.

Aim: Strict public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic led to less support for infants and their parents. We aimed to characterise the frequency and nature of infant admissions to the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne in 2020, compared to the previous year.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records identified infants ≤3 months admitted to the general medicine unit, RCH from March to September in 2019 and 2020.

Breastfeeding and Risk of Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Disease.

Background: Group B (GBS) is a major contributor to neonatal sepsis worldwide. Late-onset group B disease (LOGBS) and its risk factors remain poorly understood. The isolation of GBS from breast milk has been described in cases of LOGBS.

Fantastic Downy Mildew Pathogens and How to Find Them: Advances in Detection and Diagnostics.

Downy mildews affect important crops and cause severe losses in production worldwide. Accurate identification and monitoring of these plant pathogens, especially at early stages of the disease, is fundamental in achieving effective disease control. The rapid development of molecular methods for diagnosis has provided more specific, fast, reliable, sensitive, and portable alternatives for plant pathogen detection and quantification than traditional approaches.

Intergenerational Transmission of Cortical Sulcal Patterns from Mothers to their Children.

Intergenerational effects are described as the genetic, epigenetic, as well as pre- and postnatal environmental influence parents have on their offspring's behavior, cognition, and brain. During fetal brain development, the primary cortical sulci emerge with a distinctive folding pattern that are under strong genetic influence and show little change of this pattern throughout postnatal brain development. We examined intergenerational transmission of cortical sulcal patterns by comparing primary sulcal patterns between children (N = 16, age 5.

Non-antibiotic medication use in an Indonesian community cohort 0-18 months of age.

Background: Rational medication use for treatment is mandatory, particularly in children as they are vulnerable to possible hazards of drugs. Understanding the medication use pattern is of importance to identify the problems of drug therapy and to improve the appropriate use of medication among this population.

Methods: A post-hoc study of the RV3-BB Phase IIb trial to children aged 0-18 months which was conducted in Indonesia during January 2013 to July 2016.

Fungicide Resistance in , Cause of Pecan Scab: Current Status and Practical Implications.

Pecan scab, caused by , is the most economically damaging disease of pecan in the southeastern United States, and annual epidemics are most effectively managed through multiple fungicide applications. The fungicide applications can be the single greatest operating cost for commercial growers and the return on that investment is impacted by fungicide resistance. produces multiple generations of conidia per season, exhibits substantial genetic diversity, overwinters as stromata in the tree, and is under immense selection from the applied fungicides, all of which lead to a high risk for developing fungicide resistance.

Clade-Specific Biosurveillance of Using Spore Traps for Precision Disease Management of Cucurbit Downy Mildew.

is an obligate oomycete and cause of cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), the most destructive foliar disease affecting cucurbit hosts. Annual epidemics develop throughout the United States as windborne sporangia travel great distances and survive prolonged exposure to solar radiation. Recent genomic evidence suggests that isolates display host adaptation based on their respective clade.

Spatial Variation and Temporal Dynamics of Fungicide Sensitivity in Within a Pecan Orchard.

An 18-ha commercial pecan orchard was sampled over 3 years to study the spatial and temporal variation in fungicide sensitivity of , cause of pecan scab. The orchard was divided into a two-dimensional, 8 × 8 grid of 64 quadrats, each containing nine trees (unless there were missing trees), and samples were collected once per year from each quadrat to be tested for sensitivity to fentin hydroxide, propiconazole, and thiophanate-methyl. Averaged across the orchard, insensitivity to all three fungicides was significantly lower in 2016 compared with 2015, but significantly greater for fentin hydroxide and thiophanate-methyl in 2017.

Disease and Yield Response of a Stem-rot-resistant and -Susceptible Peanut Cultivar under Varying Fungicide Inputs.

Peanut ( L.) producers rely on costly fungicide programs to manage stem rot, caused by . Planting disease-resistant cultivars could increase profits by allowing for the deployment of less-expensive, lower-input fungicide programs.

Assessing Fitness Costs and Phenotypic Instability of Fentin Hydroxide and Tebuconazole Resistance in .

Sensitivity monitoring of , cause of pecan scab, has revealed insensitivity to fentin hydroxide and tebuconazole, but recent research indicates that the insensitivity to fentin hydroxide is not stable. A study was undertaken to determine if a fitness cost may be responsible for this instability. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate fitness components and phenotypic stability of insensitivity of to fentin hydroxide and tebuconazole.

Quantifying the Effects of a G137S Substitution in the Cytochrome of on Azoxystrobin Sensitivity Using a Detached Leaf Assay.

The quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides are known for their inherently high resistance risk owing to substitutions in amino acid residues 129, 137, or 143 of the cytochrome gene of phytopathogens. In , cause of pecan scab, an intron adjacent to position 143 likely reduces this risk; however, the effects of a recently discovered substitution at position 137 (G137S) are unknown. Traditional in vitro assays are not useful for determining sensitivity of isolates of to the QoI fungicides, owing to the fungitoxic effects of required alternative oxidase inhibitors.

Dynamics of Fungicide Sensitivity in Venturia effusa and Fungicide Efficacy under Field Conditions.

Venturia effusa, which causes pecan scab, has developed resistance to fungicides that were once effective. Over 2 years, laboratory-based sensitivity of fentin hydroxide (TPTH) and tebuconazole in V. effusa and their efficacy under field conditions were compared.

Survey of procedural and resuscitation requirements for paediatricians working in a non-tertiary centre: Implications for training.

Aim: There are minimal data to guide the continuing medical education (CME) of general paediatricians working in non-tertiary hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the procedural and resuscitation skills required by non-tertiary paediatricians and the frequency with which these skills are utilised.

Methods: Over a 12-month period (December 2012 to December 2013), each of the 11 paediatricians involved in acute inpatient care at University Hospital Geelong (UHG) completed a weekly online survey regarding their inpatient clinical experience.

Health issues of refugees attending an infectious disease refugee health clinic in a regional Australian hospital.

Background And Objectives: Refugees in Australia present with conditions different to those of the general population. The aim of this study was to review the reasons for referral, prevalence of conditions and treatment outcomes for refugee patients attending a specialist referral clinic in regional Victoria.

Method: A retrospective review was undertaken of patients attending the refugee health clinic at University Hospital Geelong from January 2007 to December 2012.

Location of an Intron in the Cytochrome b Gene Indicates Reduced Risk of QoI Fungicide Resistance in Fusicladium effusum.

Pecan scab, caused by Fusicladium effusum, is most effectively managed using multiple fungicide applications, including quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs). However, QoIs have a high risk for resistance developing in phytopathogenic fungi. QoI resistance is generally associated with amino-acid substitutions at positions 129, 137, and 143 of the cytochrome b (cytb) gene.

Per capita increase in hospital presentations and admissions among children since the 1990s.

Aim: Data regarding temporal trends in per capita paediatric hospital presentations and admissions are required to inform health system and workforce planning.

Methods: Emergency Department (ED) presentations and admissions to the University Hospital Geelong among patients aged 0 to 16 years over a 12-month period (2012-2013) were determined by review of hospital records and then compared with similar data collected during 1996/1997. During each period, the Geelong region was serviced by a single ED, enabling us to estimate per capita presentation and admission rates.

Occurrence of QoI Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora sojina from Mississippi Soybean.

Frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina Hara, is a foliar disease affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), often managed by applications of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides.