Resistance strategies and attitude certainty in persuasion: bolstering vs. counterarguing.

Introduction: Although resistance to persuasion has been of interest in psychology, relatively little research has examined how different resistance strategies can affect the strength-related features of attitudes. The current research presents a metacognitive account of two resistance strategies and their effect on attitude certainty and intentions. Specifically, we examine how the strategies of counterarguing and bolstering can differentially affect attitude certainty and intentions to act on the attitude under attack.

Evaluation of CK and CK-MB in alcohol abuse subjects with recent heavy consumption.

We analyzed CK and CK-MB levels over 24 h in 15 male subjects admitted for alcohol detoxification following recent heavy ingestion. None had clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia or infarction. The mean 0-hour serum alcohol level +/- SD was 342 +/- 101 mg/dl.

Enzymatic method for measuring ethylene glycol with a centrifugal analyzer.

We describe a semiautomated, enzymatic method of analysis for ethylene glycol in plasma. Glycerol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.

Drug screening with EMIT reagents: a quantitative approach to quality control.

We investigated the precision, linearity, accuracy, and stability of quantitative results for five drugs of abuse [amphetamines, benzoylecgonine, opiates, phencyclidine, and the cannabinoid-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-9-acid metabolite], analyzed in control specimens by using EMIT d.a.u.

Thyroid function in a healthy elderly population: implications for clinical evaluation.

Evaluation of thyroid function in elderly people is complex and has generated some controversy about what is normal. This study analyzed thyroid function assays in an identified healthy elderly population of 216 subjects. Thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, T3 uptake, "supersensitive" thyrotropin, and thyroid antibody titers were performed.

Failure of single dose methotrexate followed by citrovorum factor in nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

With increasing cost of medical care, newer methods of administering chemotherapy on an outpatient basis are being sought to reduce the need for hospitalization and protracted losses of valuable time for patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (NMGTN). To achieve this end, two NMGTN patients were treated with a single course of one dose of methotrexate (MTX) followed by multidose Citrovorum Factor (CF) without observing the expected response. Failure to respond appeared to be due to the schedule of administration.

Depletion of guanine nucleotides with mycophenolic acid suppresses IgE receptor-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells.

In RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cells, Ag that crosslink IgE-receptor complexes stimulate the turnover of inositol phospholipids, the mobilization of Ca2+ from intra- and extracellular sources, the release of serotonin and other substances from granules and the transformation of the cell surface from a microvillous to a lamellar architecture. This study explores the role of GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) in the control of these biochemical and functional responses. We report that incubating RBL-2H3 cells for 4 h with 10 microM mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of de novo GTP synthesis, reduces GTP levels by over 60% and causes an average reduction of 50% in Ag-stimulated serotonin release.

Effect of norfloxacin on theophylline metabolism.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of norfloxacin on theophylline elimination. Ten normal volunteers were studied. In a randomized crossover sequence, each subject received 6 mg of aminophylline per kg of body weight by a 30-min intravenous infusion on day 4 of taking norfloxacin (400 mg every 12 h) or while drug free.

Serum methotrexate and human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations during five-day chemotherapy for low-risk metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

A recent report of serum methotrexate (MTX) levels measured during treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) led us to determine MTX and human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) levels in a patient with low-risk metastatic GTN with a pulmonary metastasis. Peak MTX concentrations exceeded 10(-6) mol/l considered by many investigators to be within the therapeutic range against many human tumors. Serum beta-hCG levels did not decline during MTX administration; however, after 5 days of MTX a steep dose-response curve was observed which continued during 5 courses of chemotherapy.

Partial characterization of a mitomycin-C resistant T cell.

A cell resistant to concentrations of mitomycin-C associated with the inactivation of many in vitro immune responses is described. This cell is responsive to concanavalin A (Con A), poorly adherent to nylon wool, present in relatively greater numbers in lymph node than other lymphoid tissues, and is relatively radiosensitive. In part, the resistance of this T cell appears to relate to a reduced activity of a microsomal reductase responsible for converting mitomycin-C to its more active form.

Cervical myelopathy: a comparison of magnetic resonance and myelography.

Fifty-seven patients with a strong clinical suspicion of cervical myelopathy were studied with body coil magnetic resonance (MR) and conventional myelography or CT myelography. Eight patients were believed to have normal studies with both modalities. There were six patients with syringomyelia; four with an intramedullary tumor; one with an arteriovenous malformation; 19 with cervical spondylosis at multiple levels; eight with cervical spondylosis at a single level; four with extensive rheumatoid arthritis; four with extradural neoplasm; two with trauma; and one patient with an epidural abscess.

Head and neck manifestations of collagen vascular diseases.

Collagen vascular disease is among the least understood entities in medicine. What appears to be a localized process may be a manifestation of a systemic disease with serious sequelae. The otolaryngologist must be aware of the manifestations of these disorders in the head and neck.

Cisplatin neuropathy. Clinical, electrophysiologic, morphologic, and toxicologic studies.

Ten of 11 patients with ovarian cancer receiving cisplatin developed a distal sensory neuropathy, manifested early by decreased vibratory sensibility in toes and depressed ankle jerks and later by uncomfortable paresthesias. Eleven patients receiving cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 monthly (mean total, 580 mg/m2) were studied prospectively with monthly neurologic examinations and conduction velocity determinations of median, peroneal, and sural nerves. Early signs were decreased vibratory sensibility in toes (mean dose, 417 +/- 132 mg/m2 [SD]) and loss of ankle jerks (mean dose, 455 +/- 86 mg/m2).

Phase II and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of advanced gynecologic malignancy. A Southwest Oncology Group Trial.

Fifteen patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancy were treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) (1-8 g/M2) and citrovorum factor rescue (10-100 mg/M2). One complete response (13%) and two improved responses occurred in eight patients (25%) with squamous cell carcinoma and one of seven patients (14%) with nonsquamous nontrophoblastic carcinoma had stable disease for 7 months. The median duration of survival in the squamous group was 9 months and in the nonsquamous groups 6.

A comparison of irradiation and mitomycin as blocking agents in the mixed lymphocyte reaction.

In comparison with administration of mitomycin, lethal irradiation (2,000 rad) of the stimulator cells in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture results in a reduced response due at least in part to the release of inhibitory materials by the irradiated cells. These inhibitory molecules may be partially removed by washing and possess differential reactivity with respect to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and pokeweed mitogen.

Infectious diseases of the sphenoid sinus.

Thirty-one patients with sphenoid sinusitis were treated from 1978-1982. Twenty patients had infections contiguous with other paranasal sinus disease. Five of these patients had fungal sinusitis.

Trophoblastic cell sensitivity to 8-day chemotherapy in nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Serial radioimmunoassay determinations of serum beta hCG and methotrexate were compared in two patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (NMGTN) treated with Goldstein's modification of Bagshawe's intermediate-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue-treatment program. Pretreatment beta hCG levels (mIU/ml) ranged within the outer limits of the 10(3) log level. Following intravenous methotrexate, sharp serum peaks between 10(-6) and 10(-5) M were observed.