Relevance of mouse and human IBD patients-derived colon organoids to investigate intestinal macrophage differentiation.

The gastrointestinal tract is a remarkable example of complex biology, with a constant dialogue between the intestinal epithelium, in close contact with the microbiota, and the immune cells that protect the gut from infection. Organoids have revolutionized our approach to modelling the intestinal cellular compartment and have opened new avenues for unravelling the mechanisms involved in intestinal homeostasis and chronic pathogenesis such as inflammatory bowel disease. To date, few models have been established to explore the role of the colon, which is however the main site of inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Attentes des internes de médecine générale envers leur stage d'observation en pharmacie d'officine.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to collect the expectations of trainees in general practice towards their observation period in a community pharmacy, in order to contribute to a new definition of the objectives of this training period.

Methods: Data were collected using the nominal group technique. The eleven participants were ninth-year general medical students.

Greenspace exposure and the retinal microvasculature in healthy adults across three European cities.

Background: Emerging evidence points to the beneficial role of greenspace exposure in promoting cardiovascular health. Most studies have evaluated such associations with conventional cardiovascular endpoints such as mortality, morbidity, or macrovascular markers. In comparison, the microvasculature, a crucial compartment of the vascular system where early subclinical signs of cardiovascular problems appear, has not been studied in association with greenspace exposure.

[Monitoring student skills during community pharmacy placements: Retrospective analysis of dashboards].

Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe the skills considered to have been acquired by students during their professional practice placements, with particular emphasis on skills related to the new roles of pharmacists.

Methods: Skills are monitored during the professional practice placement using the dashboard included in the guide designed by the college of community pharmacy placement supervisors. Each skill is assessed at three points during the placement.

The impact of black carbon (BC) on mode-specific galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress in urban environments.

Previous research has shown that walking and cycling could help alleviate stress in cities, however there is poor knowledge on how specific microenvironmental conditions encountered during daily journeys may lead to varying degrees of stress experienced at that moment. We use objectively measured data and a robust causal inference framework to address this gap. Using a Bayesian Doubly Robust (BDR) approach, we find that black carbon exposure statistically significantly increases stress, as measured by Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), while cycling and while walking.

Day-to-day intrapersonal variability in mobility patterns and association with perceived stress: A cross-sectional study using GPS from 122 individuals in three European cities.

Many aspects of our life are related to our mobility patterns and individuals can exhibit strong tendencies towards routine in their daily lives. Intrapersonal day-to-day variability in mobility patterns has been associated with mental health outcomes. The study aims were: (a) calculate intrapersonal day-to-day variability in mobility metrics for three cities; (b) explore interpersonal variability in mobility metrics by sex, season and city, and (c) describe intrapersonal variability in mobility and their association with perceived stress.

[Evaluation of simulation-based training program intended to improve interprofessional communication skills of community pharmacy and general medicine students].

Objectives: The objective of this work is to assess the impact of a simulation session on the ability of pharmacy and medicine students in general practice to communicate in the resolution of patient-facing situations.

Methods: The evaluation of the impact of the session on the representation of the professions used a questionnaire to be completed before and after the session by the students. The evaluation of the impact of the session on the perception of communication and associated skills was based on an audio recording of the debriefings, which, after transcription and thematic analysis, was used as a preliminary analysis for the drafting of a questionnaire proposed the following year.

Harmonization of Human Biomonitoring Studies in Europe: Characteristics of the HBM4EU-Aligned Studies Participants.

Human biomonitoring has become a pivotal tool for supporting chemicals' policies. It provides information on real-life human exposures and is increasingly used to prioritize chemicals of health concern and to evaluate the success of chemical policies. Europe has launched the ambitious REACH program in 2007 to improve the protection of human health and the environment.

Sleep Medication in Older Adults: Identifying the Need for Support by a Community Pharmacist.

Many older adults take benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for the treatment of sleep disorders. With a view to considering the possible discontinuation of hypnotics, the objectives of the present study were to describe bedtime habits and sleep patterns in older adults and to identify the sleep medications taken. An expert group developed a structured interview guide for assessing the patients' bedtime habits, sleep patterns, and medications.

The effects of traveling in different transport modes on galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress: An observational study.

Background: Stress is one of many ailments associated with urban living, with daily travel a potential major source. Active travel, nevertheless, has been associated with lower levels of stress compared to other modes. Earlier work has relied on self-reported measures of stress, and on study designs that limit our ability to establish causation.

Denser Retinal Microvascular Network Is Inversely Associated With Behavioral Outcomes and Sustained Attention in Children.

Changes in geometry of the retinal microvascular network, including vessel width, vessel density, and tortuosity, have been associated with neurological disorders in adults. We investigated metrics of the retinal microvasculature in association with behavior and cognition in 8- to 12-year-old children. Digital fundus images of 190 children (48.

Combination of snapshot hyperspectral retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography to identify Alzheimer's disease patients.

Introduction: The eye offers potential for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with retinal imaging techniques being explored to quantify amyloid accumulation and aspects of neurodegeneration. To assess these changes, this proof-of-concept study combined hyperspectral imaging and optical coherence tomography to build a classification model to differentiate between AD patients and controls.

Methods: In a memory clinic setting, patients with a diagnosis of clinically probable AD (n = 10) or biomarker-proven AD (n = 7) and controls (n = 22) underwent non-invasive retinal imaging with an easy-to-use hyperspectral snapshot camera that collects information from 16 spectral bands (460-620 nm, 10-nm bandwidth) in one capture.

Retinal microvascular complexity comparing mono- and multifractal dimensions in relation to cardiometabolic risk factors in a Middle Eastern population.

Purpose: Metrics that capture changes in the retinal microvascular structure are relevant in the context of cardiometabolic disease development. The microvascular topology is typically quantified using monofractals, although it obeys more complex multifractal rules. We study mono- and multifractals of the retinal microvasculature in relation to cardiometabolic factors.

High-dose dietary supplementation with zinc prevents gut inflammation: Investigation of the role of metallothioneins and beyond by transcriptomic and metagenomic studies.

Although it is known that zinc has several beneficial roles in the context of gut inflammation, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively characterized. Zinc (Zn) is known to be the primary physiological inducer of the expression of the metallothionein (MT) superfamily of small stress-responsive proteins. The expression of MTs in various tissues is induced or enhanced (including the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)) by a variety of stimuli, including infection and inflammation.

Safety of P28GST, a Protein Derived from a Schistosome Helminth Parasite, in Patients with Crohn's Disease: A Pilot Study (ACROHNEM).

Despite the development of novel therapies, inflammatory bowel diseases remain an innovative treatment challenge. Helminth therapy is a new promising approach, and a key issue is the identification of helminth-derived anti-inflammatory mediators. P28 glutathione-S-transferase (P28GST), a protein derived from schistosomes, a trematode parasitic helminth, was shown to reduce intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis by down-regulating the Th1/Th17 response.

Contribution of the Gut Microbiota in P28GST-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Experimental and Clinical Insights.

An original immuno-regulatory strategy against inflammatory bowel diseases based on the use of 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase (P28GST), a unique schistosome protein, was recently proposed. Improvement of intestinal inflammation occurs through restoration of the immunological balance between pro-inflammatory T-helper 1 (Th1) responses and both T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory responses. However, detailed mechanisms explaining how P28GST prevents colitis and promotes gut homeostasis remain unknown.

Evaluation of Different Recruitment Methods: Longitudinal, Web-Based, Pan-European Physical Activity Through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) Project.

Background: Sufficient sample size and minimal sample bias are core requirements for empirical data analyses. Combining opportunistic recruitment with a Web-based survey and data-collection platform yields new benefits over traditional recruitment approaches.

Objective: This paper aims to report the success of different recruitment methods and obtain data on participants' characteristics, participation behavior, recruitment rates, and representativeness of the sample.

Development and Evaluation of a Hybrid Course in Clinical Virology at a Faculty of Pharmacy in Lille, France.

Background: During their studies, pharmacy students must acquire the specific skills in clinical virology required for their subsequent professional practice. Recent experiments on teaching and learning in higher education have shown that hybrid courses strengthen the students' commitment to learning and enable high-quality knowledge acquisition.

Objective: This study concerned the design and deployment of a hybrid course that combines face-to-face and Web-based instruction in clinical virology for fourth-year pharmacy students.

Effects of physical activity and air pollution on blood pressure.

Aim: To assess the main and interaction effects of black carbon and physical activity on arterial blood pressure in a healthy adult population from three European cities using objective personal measurements over short-term (hours and days) and long-term exposure.

Methods: A panel study of 122 healthy adults was performed in three European cities (Antwerp, Barcelona, and London). In 3 seasons between March 2015 and March 2016, each participant wore sensors for one week to objectively measure their exposure to black carbon and monitor their physical activity continuously.

Treatment with P28GST, a schistosome-derived enzyme, after acute colitis induction in mice: Decrease of intestinal inflammation associated with a down regulation of Th1/Th17 responses.

Background: P28GST, a 28Kd glutathione S-transferase enzymatic protein derived from a schistosome helminth prevents experimental colitis when administered subcutaneously in the presence of adjuvant by decreasing pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 response. Given the antioxidant properties of P28GST, we evaluated its anti-inflammatory potential when administered locally after colitis induction in the absence of adjuvant.

Methods: Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by rectal administration of TNBS, followed by two intraperitoneal injections of P28GST at day 1 and day 2.

Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study.

Background: In the fight against rising overweight and obesity levels, and unhealthy urban environments, the renaissance of active mobility (cycling and walking as a transport mode) is encouraging. Transport mode has been shown to be associated to body mass index (BMI), yet there is limited longitudinal evidence demonstrating causality. We aimed to associate transport mode and BMI cross-sectionally, but also prospectively in the first ever European-wide longitudinal study on transport and health.

Short-term effects of physical activity, air pollution and their interaction on the cardiovascular and respiratory system.

Physical activity (PA) in urban environments may lead to increased inhalation of air pollutants. As PA and air pollution (AP) have respectively beneficial and detrimental effects on the cardiorespiratory system, the responses to these exposures can interact. Therefore, we assessed the short-term effects of PA, AP and their interaction on a set of subclinical cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in a panel of healthy adults: heart rate variability (HRV), retinal vessel diameters, lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

Black Carbon Reduces the Beneficial Effect of Physical Activity on Lung Function.

Introduction: When physical activity is promoted in urban outdoor settings (e.g., walking and cycling), individuals are also exposed to air pollution.