Evaluation of factors associated with interhospital transfers to pediatric and adult tertiary level of care: A study of acute neurological disease cases.

Introduction: Patient referrals to tertiary level of care neurological services are often potentially avoidable and result in inferior clinical outcomes. To decrease transfer burden, stakeholders should acquire a comprehensive perception of specialty referral process dynamics. We identified associations between patient sociodemographic data, disease category and hospital characteristics and avoidable transfers, and differentiated factors underscoring informed decision making as essential care management aspects.

Systematic review of complications arising from male circumcision.

Background: Neonatal male circumcision is the most common procedure performed on paediatric patients (Simpson et al., 2014) and one of the most common surgical procedures in the world (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012).

Methods: A search was conducted for articles about complications arising from male circumcision surgeries by entering the term 'male circumcision' into PubMed on June 16, 2020.

A Rare Neonatal Intramedullary Immature Teratoma Undiagnosed in utero: A Case Report.

Background And Importance: Immature teratoma is a known pediatric tumor. However, spinal variants are rare and can present both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly regarding aggression as it pertains to extent of resection, likelihood of recurrence and concordant prognosis, and the need and efficacy of adjuvant therapies.

Clinical Presentation: The patient is a 27-day-old female who presented with 10 days of poor feeding, irritability, and progressive hypotonia.

Warthin Tumor of the Caruncle: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The authors describe a case of Warthin tumor arising in the caruncle of a 76-year-old man. Clinical examination identified a left medial canthus swelling that was treated by complete local excision. Pathologic examination revealed a benign epithelial tumor with diagnostic features of Warthin tumor.

Neurosurgical management of a rare congenital supratentorial neurenteric cyst with associated nasal dermal sinus: case report.

The authors describe the case of a patient with the classic clinical presentation and radiographic features of a nasal dermal sinus with an associated intracranial cyst; however, histopathology revealed that the intracranial cyst was neurenteric instead of the typical epidermoid or dermoid cyst. Preoperative assessment included CT and MRI, which revealed a direct communication between the patient's nasal polypoid lesion and the anterior skull base via the foramen cecum. At the hands of a multidisciplinary plastic surgery and neurosurgery team, the patient underwent concurrent gross-total resection of the nasal polypoid lesion, the intracranial intradural cystic lesion, and their interconnecting tract.

Biglycan regulates the expression of EGF receptors through EGF signaling pathways in human articular chondrocytes.

Biglycan is a member of the family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. It is an important structural component of articular cartilage and participates in the assembly of the chondrocyte extracellular matrix through formation of protein interactions with collagen type VI and large proteoglycan aggregates. Biglycan also possesses signaling properties.

Identification of the functional activity of the [A-4] amelogenin gene splice product in newborn mouse ameloblasts.

In the mouse tooth organ, shortly after birth, ameloblasts acquire their secretory phenotype, which is characterized by the prominent expression and subsequent secretion of two isoforms of amelogenin, M180 and M59 (LRAP, [A-4]). Amelogenin deposition into the ameloblast extracellular matrix promotes enamel biomineralization. A complex set of intercellular signaling events, reciprocal communications between the developing oral epithelium and its underlying dental mesenchyme, guide the expression of amelogenin mRNA, and limit it to a defined period of tooth development.

Identification of temporal and spatial expression patterns of amelogenin isoforms during mouse molar development.

Amelogenin synthesis is initiated in a restricted time frame during odontogenesis. Polypeptides translated from several alternatively spliced isoforms of amelogenin mRNA have been identified in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Recent studies suggest that the isoforms deleting exons 6a, 6b, and 6c produce polypeptides that might exert regulatory functions governing the late stages of ameloblast and odontoblast differentiation.

Hyaluronan fragments activate nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide by articular chondrocytes.

Chondrocyte CD44 receptors anchor hyaluronan to the cell surface, enabling the assembly and retention of proteoglycan aggregates in the pericellular matrix. Hyaluronan-CD44 interactions also provide signaling important for maintaining cartilage homeostasis. Disruption of chondrocyte-hyaluronan contact alters CD44 occupancy, initiating alternative signaling cascades.