Validation of Actigraph accelerometer estimates of total energy expenditure in young children.

Purpose: To assess the validity of two equations based on the Actigraph CSA/MTI accelerometer for prediction of total energy expenditure (TEE).

Research Methods And Procedures: The criterion was TEE measured using the doubly labeled water method in 85 children, mean age 4.6 years (SD 1.

Monitoring of Physical Activity in Young Children: How Much Is Enough?

There is limited evidence on how much and on which days accelerometry monitoring should be performed to obtain a representative measurement of physical activity (PA) in young children. We measured 76 children (40 M and 36 F, mean age 5.6 years ([SD ± 0.

Validation of energy intake by 24-hour multiple pass recall: comparison with total energy expenditure in children aged 5-7 years.

Accurate measurement of energy intake (EI) is essential in studies of energy balance in all age groups. Reported values for EI can be validated against total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using doubly labelled water (DLW). Our previous work has indicated that the use of the standardized 24 h multiple pass recall (24 h MPR) method produces slight overestimates of EI in pre-school children which are inaccurate at individual level but acceptable at group level.

Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children.

Purpose: To test for relationships between objectively measured habitual physical activity and fundamental movement skills in a relatively large and representative sample of preschool children.

Methods: Physical activity was measured over 6 d using the Computer Science and Applications (CSA) accelerometer in 394 boys and girls (mean age 4.2, SD 0.

Does pan diameter influence carbon monoxide levels during heating of water to boiling point with a camping stove?

Objectives: To determine whether pan diameter influences carbon monoxide (CO) concentration during heating of water to boiling point with a camping stove. The hypothesis was that increasing pan diameter increases CO concentration because of greater flame dispersal and a larger flame.

Method: This was a randomized, prospective study.

Comparison of carbon monoxide levels during heating of ice and water to boiling point with a camping stove.

Objectives: To determine whether using a camping stove to bring a pan of ice to boiling point produces higher carbon monoxide (CO) concentration than would bringing a pan of water to boiling point. The hypothesis was that ice would cause greater CO concentration because of its greater flame-cooling effect and, consequently, more incomplete combustion.

Method: This was a randomized, prospective observational study.

Relation between physical activity and energy expenditure in a representative sample of young children.

Background: Strategies for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity require a better understanding of the relation between the pattern of free-living physical activity and total energy expenditure (TEE).

Objective: We assessed the relations between TEE and physical activity level (PAL) during engagement in different intensities of physical activity.

Design: We used a cross-sectional study of 104 children (median age: 5.

The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and elite endurance swimming.

Human physical performance is influenced by genetic factors. A variation in the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been identified, in which the insertion (I) variant may be associated with elite endurance performance, and the deletion (D) variant seems overrepresented amongst elite sprinters and short-distance swimmer status. We might thus anticipate I-allele frequency to be elevated amongst swimmers competing over very much greater distances, and have examined this hypothesis.

Control strategies for integration of electric motor assist and functional electrical stimulation in paraplegic cycling: utility for exercise testing and mobile cycling.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate feedback control strategies for integration of electric motor assist and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for paraplegic cycling, with particular focus on development of a testbed for exercise testing in FES cycling, in which both cycling cadence and workrate are simultaneously well controlled and contemporary physiological measures of exercise performance derived. A second aim was to investigate the possible benefits of the approach for mobile, recreational cycling.

Methods: A recumbent tricycle with an auxiliary electric motor is used, which is adapted for paraplegic users, and instrumented for stimulation control.

Objectively measured physical activity in a representative sample of 3- to 4-year-old children.

Objective: This study aimed to describe levels of physical activity in a representative sample of preschool children and to quantify tracking of activity over 1 year.

Research Methods And Procedures: Physical activity (mean accelerometry counts/minute) was assessed over 3 days using the Computer Science and Applications accelerometer in 3- to 4-year-old children (n = 104; 52 boys; mean age, 3.7 +/- 0.