VE-cadherin shedding in vitro and in patients with aortic aneurysm and dissection.

VE-cadherin (VEC) is a major endothelial adhesion protein, which controls vascular homeostasis. During vascular diseases, VEC can be shed from the endothelial surface by proteases like ADAM10/17, which cleave the extracellular domain of VEC in response to inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. The resulting, soluble fragments (sVEC) are discussed as a potential marker for endothelial barrier breakdown.

Entanglement and Squeezing of the Optical Field Modes in High Harmonic Generation.

Squeezed optical fields are a powerful resource for a variety of investigations in basic research and technology. However, the generation of intense squeezed light is challenging. Here, we show that intense squeezed light can be produced using strongly laser driven atoms and the so far unrelated process of high harmonic generation.

Strong-laser-field physics, non-classical light states and quantum information science.

Strong-laser-field physics is a research direction that relies on the use of high-power lasers and has led to fascinating achievements ranging from relativistic particle acceleration to attosecond science. On the other hand, quantum optics has been built on the use of low photon number sources and has opened the way for groundbreaking discoveries in quantum technology, advancing investigations ranging from fundamental tests of quantum theory to quantum information processing. Despite the tremendous progress, until recently these directions have remained disconnected.

The short-chain fatty acid butyrate exerts a specific effect on VE-cadherin phosphorylation and alters the integrity of aortic endothelial cells.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate (BUT) largely influence vascular integrity and are closely associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, their impact on vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC), a major vascular adhesion and signaling molecule, is largely unknown. Here, we explored the effect of the SCFA BUT on the phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues of VEC (Y731, Y685, and Y658), which are reported to be critical for VEC regulation and vascular integrity.

High Photon Number Entangled States and Coherent State Superposition from the Extreme Ultraviolet to the Far Infrared.

We present a theoretical demonstration on the generation of entangled coherent states and of coherent state superpositions, with photon numbers and frequencies orders of magnitude higher than those provided by the current technology. This is achieved by utilizing a quantum mechanical multimode description of the single- and two-color intense laser field driven process of high harmonic generation in atoms. It is found that all field modes involved in the high harmonic generation process are entangled, and upon performing a quantum operation, lead to the generation of high photon number optical cat states spanning from the far infrared to the extreme ultraviolet spectral region.

Efficient uncertainty quantification for Monte Carlo dose calculations using importance (re-)weighting.

. To present an efficient uncertainty quantification method for range and set-up errors in Monte Carlo (MC) dose calculations. Further, we show that uncertainty induced by interplay and other dynamic influences may be approximated using suitable error correlation models.

Molecular movie of ultrafast coherent rotational dynamics of OCS.

Recording molecular movies on ultrafast timescales has been a longstanding goal for unravelling detailed information about molecular dynamics. Here we present the direct experimental recording of very-high-resolution and -fidelity molecular movies over more than one-and-a-half periods of the laser-induced rotational dynamics of carbonylsulfide (OCS) molecules. Utilising the combination of single quantum-state selection and an optimised two-pulse sequence to create a tailored rotational wavepacket, an unprecedented degree of field-free alignment, 〈cosθ〉 = 0.

Atomic-resolution imaging of carbonyl sulfide by laser-induced electron diffraction.

Measurements on the strong-field ionization of carbonyl sulfide molecules by short, intense, 2 µm wavelength laser pulses are presented from experiments where angle-resolved photoelectron distributions were recorded with a high-energy velocity map imaging spectrometer, designed to reach a maximum kinetic energy of 500 eV. The laser-field-free elastic-scattering cross section of carbonyl sulfide was extracted from the measurements and is found in good agreement with previous experiments, performed using conventional electron diffraction. By comparing our measurements to the results of calculations, based on the quantitative rescattering theory, the bond lengths and molecular geometry were extracted from the experimental differential cross sections to a precision better than ±5 pm and in agreement with the known values.