Disseminated Cryptococcosis With Prostate Involvement in a Patient With T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia and Prostate Cancer.

T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) presents unique treatment challenges because of its rarity and aggressiveness. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a potentially curative option, but its safety in patients with concurrent invasive fungal infections and solid malignancies remains uncertain. We present a case of a 68-year-old male with T-PLL who developed disseminated cryptococcal disease with prostate involvement and concurrent prostate cancer (PCa).

infection - a case series from a tertiary hospital in Greece.

Introduction: is a small Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccoid rod that was reclassified in 1997 from the genus and is difficult to culture with usual microbiological techniques, as it is slowly growing. is an emerging human pathogen that is most commonly implicated in urinary tract infections (UTIs), but has also been isolated less frequently from abscesses of various sites (such as the skin, the genitourinary tract, surgical sites or intraabdominal).

Methods: All cases where was identified during a 6-year period (January 2016 - January 2022) in the University Hospital of Heraklion were reviewed.

Global prevalence of cefiderocol non-susceptibility in Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cefiderocol is a last resort option for carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative bacteria, especially metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CR Acinetobacter baumannii. Monitoring global levels of cefiderocol non-susceptibility (CFDC-NS) is important.

Objectives: To systematically collate and examine studies investigating in vitro CFDC-NS and estimate the global prevalence of CFDC-NS against major Gram-negative pathogens.

Daptomycin as an option for lock therapy: a systematic literature review.

To review preclinical and clinical data relevant to daptomycin lock therapy in catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Systematic review in PubMed, Scopus and clinical trial registries. Preclinical data demonstrate daptomycin lock solution stability and compatibility with heparin, good biofilm penetration, bactericidal activity against biofilm-embedded bacteria, and high efficacy and in animal catheter infection models.

A Retrospective Study of Bacteremia in a Tertiary Hospital and Factors Associated with Mortality.

bacteremia (SAB) is a severe infection frequently associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown that SAB mortality has decreased during the last decades. However, about 25% of patients suffering from the disease will ultimately die.

A Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Public Acute Care Hospitals in Crete, Greece.

Background: Both healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance are associated with an increased length of stay and hospital costs, while they have also been linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. In 2016 and 2017, the latest point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAIs and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals highlighted an HAI prevalence of 6.5%, while Greece had a higher HAI prevalence of 10%.

Co-isolates of complex in polymicrobial infections: a meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: complex (ABC) infections are commonly polymicrobial. Examining which pathogens are most commonly co-isolated with ABC is an important first step for assessing disease potential due to pathogen-pathogen interactions. Based on a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and CENTRAL, we estimated percent proportions of co-isolates in polymicrobial pulmonary and bloodstream ABC infections using random-effects meta-analysis.

Editorial for the Special Issue: "Epidemiology, Prognosis and Antimicrobial Treatment of Extensively Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections".

The increasing consumption of broad-spectrum antimicrobials is fuelling a vicious cycle leading to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria [...

Cefiderocol: Systematic Review of Mechanisms of Resistance, Heteroresistance and In Vivo Emergence of Resistance.

Cefiderocol appears promising, as it can overcome most β-lactam resistance mechanisms (including β-lactamases, porin mutations, and efflux pumps). Resistance is uncommon according to large multinational cohorts, including against isolates resistant to carbapenems, ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and colistin. However, alarming proportions of resistance have been reported in some recent cohorts (up to 50%).

Importance of antimicrobial stewardship in solid organ transplant recipients: An ESCMID perspective.

Background: In the last decades, solid organ transplantation (SOT) has emerged as an important method in the management of chronic kidney, liver, heart, and lung failure. Antimicrobial use has led to a significant reduction of morbidity and mortality due to infectious complications among patients with SOT; however, it can lead to adverse events and drive the development of antimicrobial resistance; thus, antimicrobial stewardship is of extreme importance. Even though there are ongoing efforts of transplant societies to implement principles of antimicrobial stewardship in everyday practice in SOT, there is still a lack of guidelines in this patient population.

In search for a synergistic combination against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii; methodological considerations.

Purpose: Pending approval of new antimicrobials, synergistic combinations are the only treatment option against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii (PDRAB). Considering the lack of a standardized methodology, the aim of this manuscript is to systematically review the methodology and discuss unique considerations for assessing antimicrobial combinations against PDRAB.

Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Combination Options for Pandrug-Resistant .

Antimicrobial combinations are at the moment the only potential treatment option for pandrug-resistant . A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus for studies reporting the activity of antimicrobial combinations against resistant to all components of the combination. The clinical relevance of synergistic combinations was assessed based on concentrations achieving synergy and PK/PD models.

Indications for medical antibiotic prophylaxis and potential targets for antimicrobial stewardship intervention: a narrative review.

Background: Most of the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) literature has focused on antimicrobial consumption for the treatment of infections, for the prophylaxis of surgical site infection and for the prevention of endocarditis. The role of AMS for medical antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) has not been adequately addressed.

Aims: To identify targets for AMS interventions for medical AP in adult patients.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion and associated mortality of polymicrobial (vs monomicrobial) pulmonary and bloodstream infections by Acinetobacter baumannii complex.

Background: Differentiating Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC) infection from colonization remains difficult and further complicated in polymicrobial infections.

Purpose: To assess the frequency of polymicrobial ABC infections and associated mortality. We hypothesized a lower mortality in polymicrobial infections if ABC isolation reflects colonization in some polymicrobial infections.

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 among vaccinated health care workers.

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is among the most effective measures to stop the spread of the disease. However, acceptance of vaccination against COVID-19 among HCWs has not been universal and emergence of new variants with increased transmissibility, reduced neutralization by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera and ability to cause breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals is concerning. The aim of this study was to compare viral load, clinical presentation at diagnosis and type of exposure among vaccinated (with BNT162b2) and non-vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs).

Is pandrug-resistance in a transient phenotype? Epidemiological clues from a 4-year cohort study at a tertiary referral hospital in Greece.

Pandrug-resistant (PDRAB) is increasingly being reported but remains rare. Several case studies show that can acquire resistance to last resort antibiotics during treatment by single-step chromosomal mutations. However, re-emergence of the ancestral susceptible strain after withdrawal of antibiotics has been described, possibly due to fitness cost associated with acquired resistance.

Treatment options for K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii co-resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and tigecycline: an approach based on the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems.

The management of carbapenem-resistant infections is often based on polymyxins, tigecycline, aminoglycosides and their combinations. However, in a recent systematic review, we found that Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) co-resistant to carbapanems, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and tigecycline (CAPT-resistant) are increasingly being reported worldwide. Clinical data to guide the treatment of CAPT-resistant GNB are scarce and based exclusively on few case reports and small case series, but seem to indicate that appropriate (in vitro active) antimicrobial regimens, including newer antibiotics and synergistic combinations, may be associated with lower mortality.