Impact of C-FOS/C-JUN Transcriptional Factors Co-Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Significant transcription factors - including c-Fos (gene locus: 14q24.3) and c-Jun (gene locus: 1p32-p31) - regulate cell homeostasis preventing abnormal signal transduction to nucleus. Their over-activation seems to be associated with an aggressive phenotype in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs).

c-Fos/ c-Jun transcription factors in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

During lung carcinoma development, progression and metastasis, a variety of gross (chromosome) and specific (gene) genomic alterations are detected in dysplastic, neoplastic, and progressively malignant transformed epithelia as early or late genetic events. Oncogenes' overactivation combined with suppressor genes silence are crucial genetic events in malignant and pre-malignant epithelia. Especially, deregulation of crucial signalling transduction pathways that interact with strong transcription factors - such as c-Fos and c-Jun - leads to an aberrant expression of other critical genes responsible for cell homeostasis.

Mechanisms of C-myc oncogenic activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) demonstrates increased rates due to pathogenetic factors including tobacco, chronic alcohol consumption and also viral-mediated deregulation. During carcinogenetic process, laryngeal epithelia accumulate gross chromosome and specific gene aberrations. Oncogenes’ overactivation is a crucial genetic event in malignant and pre-malignant neoplastic epithelia.

DNA mismatch repair deficiency in lung and oral cavity carcinomas: the role of histogenetic origin.

DNA mismatch repair system (DNA MMR) is a crucial genetic mechanism for DNA homeostasis in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. During DNA replication and also recombination, point intra-nucleotide errors including base deletion, insertion, and mis-incorporation happen. These raised abnormalities in the newly synthesized DNA strand could affect negatively the stability of the molecule and the function of the corresponding genes.

EGFR gene deregulation mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma: A molecular review.

For the last two decades, evolution in molecular biology has expanded our knowledge in decoding a broad spectrum of genomic imbalances that progressively lead normal cells to a neoplastic state and finally to complete malignant transformation. Concerning oncogenes and signaling transduction pathways mediated by them, identification of specific gene alterations remains a critical process for handling patients by applying targeted therapeutic regimens. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in normal cells.

Impact of the functional neck dissection in maxillofacial surgical oncology: its role in robotic-based surgery era.

Head and neck cancers demonstrate an increased prevalence worldwide. The main therapeutic approaches are still surgery and radiotherapy, although in selective cases novel targeted therapeutic strategies based on monoclonal antibodies (ie anti-EGFR) are also applied. Concerning maxillofacial surgical oncology, a variety of methods has been developed.

Molecular assays in detecting EGFR gene aberrations: an updated HER2-dependent algorithm for interpreting gene signals; a short technical report.

Purpose: Among oncogenes that have already been identified and cloned, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) remains one of the most significant. Understanding its deregulation mechanisms improves critically patients' selection for personalized therapies based on modern molecular biology and oncology guidelines. Anti-EGFR targeted therapeutic strategies have been developed based on specific genetic profiles and applied in subgroups of patients suffering by solid cancers of different histogenetic origin.

E-cadherin/α-catenin deregulated co-expression in thyroid carcinoma based on tissue microarray digital image analysis.

Purpose: Deregulation of cell-to-cell adhesion molecules is a common and also critical genetic event in epithelial malignancies leading to an increasing metastatic potential. Among them, e-cadherin and catenins--especially α and β--, act as oncogenes during the carcinogenetic process affecting specific signaling transduction pathways (i.e.

Intracellular diglycerides in relation to glycaemic control in the myocardium: A pilot study in humans.

Aim: Intramyocellular diglycerides have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In the myocardium, excess lipid storage may also contribute to the appearance of diabetic cardiomyopathy, while diglycerides may have certain cardio-protective functions. However, little is known on intracellular diglyceride accumulation in the human heart.

A large neglected pleomorphic adenoma of the lung: Report of a rare case.

Primary pleomorphic adenomas of the lung are very rare tumors that have peculiar clinical and oncologic features. We report here on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for a patient with a large neglected pulmonary pleomorphic adenoma that presented initially as pneumonia.

Non-small cell lung cancer: The role of surgery after induction chemo and/or radiotherapy.

Stages I and II non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are primarily treated by anatomic pulmonary resection. Selected patients with stage IIIB disease are still candidates for surgical treatment. Unfortunately, most patients with locally advanced NSCLC don't benefit from surgery alone or even by the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Malignant pleural effusion and talc pleurodesis. Experimental model regarding early kinetics of talc particle dissemination in the chest after experimental talc pleurodesis.

Purpose: Talc remains a commonly used agent for pleurodesis malignant pleural effusion. Nevertheless, it is associated with a 3-9% incidence of pulmonary reactions ranging from simple pneumonitis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The underlying lung pathology and the size and rate of talc particle dissemination have been implicated as the cause of these complications.

Non small cell lung cancer: surgical treatment in the elderly.

Lung cancer resection in elderly patients is justified and has decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. Careful patient selection and operative planning are necessary, however. It is wise to have a diagnosis and staging done before the patient arrives in the operating theater.

Non-small cell lung cancer: pulmonary parenchyma resection in lung-compromised patients.

Surgery remains the primary curative treatment for patients who have early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The proper use of surgical resection depends on a careful assessment of the extent of disease and the cardiopulmonary function. Because lung cancer is more common in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is important to select carefully those patients who can safely undergo potentially curative therapy, thereby minimizing postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Patient management with a solitary pulmonary nodule.

Solitary pulmonary nodules are a common problem presented to the chest physicians. In our era, with the integration of new technologies, an increasing number of smaller-sized solitary pulmonary nodules are being detected. The primary objective in evaluating a solitary pulmonary nodule is prompt identification and treatment of early-stage lung cancer.

Compression of the right atrium due to coexistence of diaphragmatic eventration and Chilaiditi's syndrome.

We report on a 70-year-old male who was admitted to hospital due to progressive onset of dyspnea and fever. Diagnostic work-up revealed a high diaphragmatic position, compression of the right heart and supraventricular tachycardia. A simultaneous incidental finding was hepatodiaphragmatic colonic interposition (Chilaiditi's syndrome).

What does impact factor depend upon?

Nobody doubts the importance of the scientific performance's evaluation. The journal impact factor is increasingly employed to evaluate the quality of scientific research. The use of term "impact factor" has gradually evolved, especially in Europe, to include both journal and author impact.

Surgical resection of esthesioneuroblastoma metastasis to the chest wall.

A 51-year-old female patient was evaluated for a painful chest wall mass causing atelectasis of the right lung, pleural effusion, and dyspnea. The patient's history was significant for esthesioneuroblastoma at the age of 24; multiple recurrences of the tumor had been treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Surgical resection of the chest wall mass relieved her symptoms and improved her quality of life.

Evaluation of combined telomerase and c-myc expression in non-small cell lung carcinomas using tissue microarrays and computerized image analysis.

Purpose: Telomerase activation plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis by sustaining cellular immortality. It consists of two main components which include a RNA subunit (h-TERC) and a catalytic protein subunit (h-TERT). Similarly, amplification or deletion correlating with overexpression of c-myc is a common event in various neoplasias, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Chromogenic in situ hybridization analysis of chromosomes 7, 9, and 17 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on tissue microarrays.

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Many different chromosomal alterations have been identified including structural or numerical changes. In this study we performed a molecular analysis of chromosomes 7,9, and 17 based on tissue microarrays (TMA).

Recent aspects regarding carcinogenesis in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lung carcinogenesis is a field which is yet to be exploited and its molecular mechanisms to be more clearly defined. The goal of this article is to present the major alterations that occur in lung cancer, especially those that happen in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Finally, in this review we present the latest methods that are used to study the cellular/molecular pathophysiology of lung cancer and their clinical appliance.

Lung cancer: quality of life after surgery.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in both men and women in our country. It has been estimated that there will be 6,000 lung cancer deaths every year in Greece. However, many patients with bronchogenic carcinoma also have coexistent obstructive lung disease.

Simultaneous EGFR and VEGF alterations in non-small cell lung carcinoma based on tissue microarrays.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is observed in significant proportions of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Furthermore, overactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) leads to increased angiogenesis implicated as an important factor in vascularization of those tumors.

Patients And Methods: Using tissue microarray technology, forty-paraffin (n = 40) embedded, histologically confirmed primary NSCLCs were cored and re-embedded into a recipient block.