Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of interventions for people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and disordered eating.

Aim: To examine the types of interventions currently available for people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and their effectiveness.

Background: The prevalence of disordered eating in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus is twice that in their counterparts without diabetes, and is associated with worse biomedical outcomes and greater mortality.

Methods: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, PubMed and OpenGrey databases were searched up to August 2016 to identify studies on interventions in people with Type 1 diabetes-associated disordered eating.

Identification and Characterization of the Major Porin of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough.

Due in large part to their ability to facilitate the diffusion of a diverse range of solutes across the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria, the porins represent one of the most prominent and important bacterial membrane protein superfamilies. Notably, for the Gram-negative bacterium Hildenborough, a model organism for studies of sulfate-reducing bacteria, no genes for porins have been identified or proposed in its annotated genome. Results from initial biochemical studies suggested that the product of the DVU0799 gene, which is one of the most abundant proteins of the Hildenborough OM and purified as a homotrimeric complex, was a strong porin candidate.

Effects of cognitive remediation on negative symptoms dimensions: exploring the role of working memory.

Background: Recent theories suggest that poor working memory (WM) may be the cognitive underpinning of negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. In this study, we first explore the effect of cognitive remediation (CR) on two clusters of negative symptoms (i.e.

The association of depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with glycaemic control and diabetes complications over 2 years in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Aims/hypothesis: We examined the associations between depressive symptoms and diabetes distress with glycaemic control and diabetes complications over 2 years, after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In a multi-ethnic, primary care cohort (n = 1735) of adults, all with recent (<6 months) diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, we measured the associations between depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score ≥10) and diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] score ≥40), with change in 2 year HbA as the primary outcome and with incident rates of diabetes complications as secondary outcomes. Multivariate models were used to account for potential confounders.

Data privacy management and data quality monitoring in the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research's multicentre TranslatiOnal Registry for CardiomyopatHies (DZHK-TORCH).

Aims: The multicentric TranslatiOnal Registry for CardiomyopatHies (TORCH) of the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research aims to recruit 2300 patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopthies.

Methods And Results: The investigations were performed after standard operating procedures. The data are collected in standardized electronic case report forms provided by the data holding of the central data management of the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research using secuTrial (interActive Systems GmbH, Berlin, Germany).

The benefit of evolving multidisciplinary care in ALS: a diagnostic cohort survival comparison.

Background: Care for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has altered at King's College Hospital over the last 20 years. The clinic has been a multidisciplinary, specialist, tertiary referral centre since 1995 with a large team with integrated palliative and respiratory care since 2006. We hypothesised that these changes would improve survival.

Formal thought disorder in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis.

Background: Formal thought disorder is a cardinal feature of psychosis. However, the extent to which formal thought disorder is evident in ultra-high-risk individuals and whether it is linked to the progression to psychosis remains unclear.

Aims: Examine the severity of formal thought disorder in ultra-high-risk participants and its association with future psychosis.

Alexithymia in eating disorders: Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale.

Objective: The aim of this review was to synthesise the literature on the use of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in eating disorder populations and Healthy Controls (HCs) and to compare TAS scores in these groups.

Method: Electronic databases were searched systematically for studies using the TAS and meta-analyses were performed to statistically compare scores on the TAS between individuals with eating disorders and HCs.

Results: Forty-eight studies using the TAS with both a clinical eating disorder group and HCs were identified.

Computational Psychiatry in Borderline Personality Disorder.

Purpose Of Review: We review the literature on the use and potential use of computational psychiatry methods in Borderline Personality Disorder.

Recent Findings: Computational approaches have been used in psychiatry to increase our understanding of the molecular, circuit, and behavioral basis of mental illness. This is of particular interest in BPD, where the collection of ecologically valid data, especially in interpersonal settings, is becoming more common and more often subject to quantification.

Cognitive Bias Modification for paranoia (CBM-pa): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Persecutory delusions are the most common type of delusions in psychosis and present in around 10-15% of the general population. Persecutory delusions are thought to be sustained by biased cognitive and emotional processes. Recent advances favour targeted interventions, focussing on specific symptoms or mechanisms.

Should DBS for Psychiatric Disorders be Considered a Form of Psychosurgery? Ethical and Legal Considerations.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical procedure involving the implantation of electrodes in the brain, has rekindled the medical community's interest in psychosurgery. Whereas many researchers argue DBS is substantially different from psychosurgery, we argue psychiatric DBS-though a much more precise and refined treatment than its predecessors-is nevertheless a form of psychosurgery, which raises both old and new ethical and legal concerns that have not been given proper attention. Learning from the ethical and regulatory failures of older forms of psychosurgery can help shed light on how to address the regulatory gaps that exist currently in DBS research.

Predictors of Treatment Outcome in Contextual Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review.

Unlabelled: There is increasing evidence that contextual forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective in the management of chronic pain, yet little is understood about the factors that moderate or predict outcomes in these treatments. This systematic review aimed to identify pretreatment participant characteristics associated with positive treatment responses in contextual CBT for chronic pain. Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL were searched to identify eligible studies.

Interpersonal sensitivity in those at clinical high risk for psychosis mediates the association between childhood bullying victimisation and paranoid ideation: A virtual reality study.

Background: Experience of bullying victimisation in childhood and heightened interpersonal sensitivity have been independently linked to the clinical high risk for psychosis.

Aim: To examine the potential mediating effect of interpersonal sensitivity in explaining the link between childhood bullying victimisation and real-time paranoid ideation in adult participants at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Method: In a cross-sectional study data were collected for 64 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Robustness of a model microbial community emerges from population structure among single cells of a clonal population.

Microbial populations can withstand, overcome and persist in the face of environmental fluctuation. Previously, we demonstrated how conditional gene regulation in a fluctuating environment drives dilution of condition-specific transcripts, causing a population of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) to collapse after repeatedly transitioning from sulfate respiration to syntrophic conditions with the methanogen Methanococcus maripaludis. Failure of the DvH to successfully transition contributed to the collapse of this model community.

Antipsychotic treatment resistance in first-episode psychosis: prevalence, subtypes and predictors.

Background: We examined longitudinally the course and predictors of treatment resistance in a large cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from initiation of antipsychotic treatment. We hypothesized that antipsychotic treatment resistance is: (a) present at illness onset; and (b) differentially associated with clinical and demographic factors.

Method: The study sample comprised 323 FEP patients who were studied at first contact and at 10-year follow-up.

Development and Validation of a Clinically Based Risk Calculator for the Transdiagnostic Prediction of Psychosis.

Importance: The overall effect of At Risk Mental State (ARMS) services for the detection of individuals who will develop psychosis in secondary mental health care is undetermined.

Objective: To measure the proportion of individuals with a first episode of psychosis detected by ARMS services in secondary mental health services, and to develop and externally validate a practical web-based individualized risk calculator tool for the transdiagnostic prediction of psychosis in secondary mental health care.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Clinical register-based cohort study.

Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor self-control, underpinned by inferior fronto-striatal deficits. Real-time functional magnetic resonance neurofeedback (rtfMRI-NF) allows participants to gain self-control over dysregulated brain regions. Despite evidence for beneficial effects of electrophysiological-NF on ADHD symptoms, no study has applied the spatially superior rtfMRI-NF neurotherapy to ADHD.

Association of Ipsilateral Rib Fractures With Displacement of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures.

Objectives: To determine whether the presence of ipsilateral rib fractures affects the rate of a clavicle fracture being unstable (>100% displacement).

Design: A retrospective review from 2002-2013 performed at a single level 1 trauma center evaluated 243 midshaft clavicle fractures.

Setting: Single Level 1 trauma center.

Mechanism for microbial population collapse in a fluctuating resource environment.

Managing trade-offs through gene regulation is believed to confer resilience to a microbial community in a fluctuating resource environment. To investigate this hypothesis, we imposed a fluctuating environment that required the sulfate-reducer to undergo repeated ecologically relevant shifts between retaining metabolic independence (active capacity for sulfate respiration) and becoming metabolically specialized to a mutualistic association with the hydrogen-consuming Strikingly, the microbial community became progressively less proficient at restoring the environmentally relevant physiological state after each perturbation and most cultures collapsed within 3-7 shifts. Counterintuitively, the collapse phenomenon was prevented by a single regulatory mutation.

Dynamic Succession of Groundwater Sulfate-Reducing Communities during Prolonged Reduction of Uranium in a Contaminated Aquifer.

To further understand the diversity and dynamics of SRB in response to substrate amendment, we sequenced genes coding for the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsrA) in groundwater samples collected after an emulsified vegetable oil (EVO) amendment, which sustained U(VI)-reducing conditions for one year in a fast-flowing aquifer. EVO amendment significantly altered the composition of groundwater SRB communities. Sequences having no closely related-described species dominated (80%) the indigenous SRB communities in nonamended wells.

Long-term validity of the At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for predicting psychotic and non-psychotic mental disorders.

Background: The long-term clinical validity of the At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for the prediction of non-psychotic mental disorders is unknown.

Methods: Clinical register-based cohort study including all non-psychotic individuals assessed by the Outreach And Support in South London (OASIS) service (2002-2015). The primary outcome was risk of developing any mental disorder (psychotic or non-psychotic).

Sexual dysfunction and central obesity in patients with first episode psychosis.

Background: In recent years the association between sexual dysfunction (SD) and obesity in the general population has drawn major attention. Although sexual dysfunction is common in psychosis, its relationship with weight gain and obesity remains unclear.

Aims: To investigate the association between sexual dysfunction and obesity in a cohort of patients with first episode psychosis.