Optimizing local anesthesia during 10-core biopsy of the prostate.

Objectives: To examine, in a prospective, randomized study, the effect of different anesthetic techniques versus no anesthesia in a 10-core prostate biopsy. Reports thus far have shown a high variability in assessing the pain intensity of prostate biopsies and the effectiveness of anesthesia.

Methods: Ultrasound-guided 10-core prostate biopsy was performed.

Efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine in children with detrusor hyperreflexia.

Objectives: To investigate the urodynamic effects and tolerability of the new antimuscarinic drug tolterodine in children with detrusor hyperreflexia.

Methods: Twenty-two children (12 boys and 10 girls; age range 3 months to 15 years, mean age 5.7 years) with detrusor hyperreflexia resulting in maximum detrusor pressures exceeding 40 cm H(2)O during filling cystotonometry were enrolled to receive tolterodine tartrate (a total of 0.

[Immunotherapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Is clinical use justified in view of outcome, side effects and costs?].

The immunogenic potential of renal cell carcinoma and the resistance of its metastases against chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal treatment have led to the development of a great number and variety of different strategies, summarized under the term immunotherapy. Objective remissions can be expected in about 20-40% of patients. Another 30-40% show stable disease for a limited time, only occasionally for longer.