Spontaneous ependymoma in a free-ranging juvenile black-horned capuchin (Sapajus nigritus).

A young free-ranging black-horned capuchin (Sapajus nigritus) with a history of ataxia, anisocoria, diminished threat and pupil reflexes and increased cranial circumference was referred for evaluation to the Medicine and Wildlife Conservation Section, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil. Due to the clinical presentation and radiographic findings of hydrocephalus, euthanasia was performed. Necropsy revealed a dark red mass (1.

Long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of apomorphine sublingual film in patients with Parkinson's disease complicated by OFF episodes: a phase 3, open-label study.

Background: Apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) is an on-demand treatment for OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: To assess the long-term (≥ 3 years) safety/tolerability and efficacy of SL-APO.

Methods: Study CTH-301 ( http://www.

Apomorphine Sublingual Film Compared with Subcutaneous Apomorphine for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: An Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study.

Background: Apomorphine sublingual film (SL-APO) and subcutaneous apomorphine (SC-APO) have been used for the treatment of OFF episodes in Parkinson's disease (PD). No study has prospectively compared efficacy and safety of these formulations.

Objective: To compare SL-APO with SC-APO for treatment of OFF episodes in PD.

Feasibility of home dose optimization of apomorphine sublingual film in Parkinson's disease patients with OFF episodes: results from the dose-optimization phase of an open-label, randomized crossover study.

Background: Dose optimization of sublingual apomorphine (SL-APO), a dopamine agonist for the treatment of OFF episodes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), has been performed under clinical supervision in clinical trials. SL-APO may be a candidate for home dosing optimization which would be less burdensome for patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of home optimization of SL-APO in patients with PD and OFF episodes.

Phylogeography, genetic diversity, and intraspecific genetic structure of the black-horned capuchin (Sapajus nigritus).

Recent molecular studies have clarified the overarching taxonomy of capuchin monkeys, but intraspecific genetic diversity remains unexplored for most capuchin species. One example is Sapajus nigritus, the southernmost capuchin monkey, found in Brazil and Argentina; its phenotypic diversity has been recognized as two geographic subspecies, but the intraspecific genetic structure of this taxon is poorly known. Here, we sampled across most of this species' geographic distribution, producing a newly sequenced data set for genetic analyses that included 78 individuals from 14 populations.

Lack of serological and molecular evidences of Zika virus circulation in non-human primates in three states from Brazil.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in 1947 with the virus isolation from Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) in Uganda forest, Africa. Old World Primates are involved in a sylvatic cycle of maintenance of this arbovirus, however a limited knowledge about the role of New World primates in ZIKV transmission cycles has been established.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the presence of enzootic circulation of ZIKV in New World Primates from three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Paraíba, and Paraná.

A pilot study about assisted reproduction in harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja) in the course of species conservation including collection, storage, and analysis of semen.

Currently, 52% of all raptor species demonstrate a decreasing population tendency, and the American harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) has been categorized as "near threatened" by the IUCN. Habitat loss, persecution, and subsequent reduction of genetic diversity are regarded as major threats to the world's strongest eagle. Captive breeding and reintroduction into protected habitats are approaches of species conservation projects, but captive propagation is difficult due to low ex-situ numbers and scarce successful breeding pairs.

Comparison of fingolimod with interferon beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised extension of the TRANSFORMS study.

Background: In a 12-month phase 3 study in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), TRANSFORMS, fingolimod showed greater efficacy on relapse rates and MRI outcomes compared with interferon beta-1a. We had two aims in our extension: to compare year 2 with year 1 in the switched patients to assess the effect of a change from interferon beta-1a to fingolimod, and to compare over 24 months the treatment groups as originally randomised to assess the effect of delaying the start of treatment with fingolimod.

Methods: Patients randomly assigned to receive 0.

Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Background: Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate-receptor modulator that prevents lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes, showed clinical efficacy and improvement on imaging in a phase 2 study involving patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: In this 12-month, double-blind, double-dummy study, we randomly assigned 1292 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who had a recent history of at least one relapse to receive either oral fingolimod at a daily dose of either 1.25 or 0.

Treatment of Parkinson's disease : what's on the horizon?

Few neurological diseases have received as much attention and investment in research as Parkinson's disease. Although great strides have been made in the development of agents to treat this neurodegenerative disease, none yet address the underlying problem associated with it, the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Current therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease focus primarily on reducing the severity of its symptoms using dopaminergic medications.