A Qualitative Exploration of the Career-Choice Journey of Women in Anesthesiology.

Background: Women are underrepresented in the anesthesiology physician workforce. Additionally, recruitment of women into the specialty has been stagnant over the past 2 decades. Current evidence is lacking regarding how and why women navigate the career-exploration journey to find anesthesiology.

Anesthesiologists and Community Engagement: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Millions of individuals require anesthesia services each year. Although anesthesia-associated mortality rates have declined, anesthetic-related morbidity remains high, particularly among vulnerable populations. Disparities in perioperative screening, optimization, surveillance, and follow-up contribute to worse outcomes in these populations.

Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery.

A spinal cord tumor is any tumor involving the spinal cord or immediate surrounding area. Tumors typically are classified as extradural, intradural extramedullary, or intramedullary intradural. Many spinal cord tumor resections attempt to balance tumor removal with preservation of neurologic function.

Results of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in Anesthesiology Residents.

Background: In a flipped classroom approach, learners view educational content prior to class and engage in active learning during didactic sessions.

Objective: We hypothesized that a flipped classroom improves knowledge acquisition and retention for residents compared to traditional lecture, and that residents prefer this approach.

Methods: We completed 2 iterations of a study in 2014 and 2015.

Protective role of p450 epoxyeicosanoids in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Patients recovering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are at risk for developing delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Experimental and human studies implicate the vasoconstrictor P450 eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the pathogenesis of DCI. To date, no studies have evaluated the role of vasodilator epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in DCI.

Sex stratified neuronal cultures to study ischemic cell death pathways.

Sex differences in neuronal susceptibility to ischemic injury and neurodegenerative disease have long been observed, but the signaling mechanisms responsible for those differences remain unclear. Primary disassociated embryonic neuronal culture provides a simplified experimental model with which to investigate the neuronal cell signaling involved in cell death as a result of ischemia or disease; however, most neuronal cultures used in research today are mixed sex. Researchers can and do test the effects of sex steroid treatment in mixed sex neuronal cultures in models of neuronal injury and disease, but accumulating evidence suggests that the female brain responds to androgens, estrogens, and progesterone differently than the male brain.

Mechanism of the sex difference in endothelial dysfunction after stroke.

Stroke, the number four cause of death in the United States, is a greatly debilitating event resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain (cerebral ischemia). Endothelial dysfunction, primarily characterized by dampened endothelial- dependent vasodilation, is a major contributor to the development and outcome of stroke. This review discusses the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for the degradation of vasoprotective eicosatrienoic acids (EETs), in the context of the cerebral vasculature and its contribution to the sexual dimorphic nature of stroke.

Preconditioning and postconditioning for neuroprotection: the most recent evidence.

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with perioperative stroke being an important complication in the practice of anaesthesia. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment options are very limited and often not applicable in the perioperative period. The notion of applying a subtoxic stimulus prior to an otherwise lethal event is termed preconditioning.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are endogenous regulators of vasoactive neuropeptide release from trigeminal ganglion neurons.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are bioactive eicosanoids produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases. We previously described the expression of cytochrome P450-2J epoxygenase in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons and that EETs signaling is involved in cerebrovascular dilation resulting from perivascular nerve stimulation. In this study, we evaluate the presence of the EETs signaling pathway in trigeminal ganglion neurons and their role in modulating the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by trigeminal ganglion neurons.