A homolog of GuidedEntry of Tail-anchored proteins3 functions in membrane-specific protein targeting in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis.

The chloroplasts and mitochondria of photosynthetic eukaryotes contain proteins that are closely related to cytosolic Guided Entry of Tail-anchored proteins3 (Get3). Get3 is a targeting factor that efficiently escorts tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the ER. Because other components of the cytosolic-targeting pathway appear to be absent in organelles, previous investigators have asserted that organellar Get3 homologs are unlikely to act as targeting factors.

Membrane-Specific Targeting of Tail-Anchored Proteins SECE1 and SECE2 Within Chloroplasts.

Membrane proteins that are imported into chloroplasts must be accurately targeted in order to maintain the identity and function of the highly differentiated internal membranes. Relatively little is known about the targeting information or pathways that direct proteins with transmembrane domains to either the inner envelope or thylakoids. In this study, we focused on a structurally simple class of membrane proteins, the tail-anchored proteins, which have stroma-exposed amino-terminal domains and a single transmembrane domain within 30 amino acids of the carboxy-terminus.

On the evolutionary and biogeographic history of Saxifraga sect. Trachyphyllum (Gaud.) Koch (Saxifragaceae Juss.).

Arctic-alpine plants in the genus Saxifraga L. (Saxifragaceae Juss.) provide an excellent system for investigating the process of diversification in northern regions.