Influence of Adrenal Venous Sampling on Management in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism Independent of Lateralization on Cross-Sectional Imaging.

Background: Patients with primary aldosteronism undergo imaging of the adrenal glands after confirmation of the disease. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is a useful adjunct to imaging, and advocates believe that AVS should be performed before surgical management. Others argue that patients with unilateral lesions on imaging do not require AVS.

Third-Year Medical Student Impressions of Resident Teaching in Simulated and Clinical Settings.

We sought to determine whether simulation-based medical education using Trauma Evaluation and Management® (TEAM®) training module contributes to a positive impression of resident and faculty teaching. Qualitative and quantitative data regarding medical students' experience of TEAM® training and their interaction with instructors were collected using anonymous surveys after the completion of the training module. A combination of yes or no responses, as well as classification of student confidence and perceptions on the utility of TEAM® training obtained using Likert-type scales, was evaluated.

Hispanic ethnicity and complication profile following laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy.

Background: Hispanic ethnicity is associated with increased incidence of gallbladder disease. Additionally, ethnicity has been shown to be an outcome determinant in several conditions and procedures but has never been studied as a potential determinant of morbidity or mortality after laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy.

Methods: Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, patients who underwent cholecystectomy and related procedures were studied in Hispanic and non-Hispanic cohorts.

Ethnic disparities in traumatic brain injury care referral in a Hispanic-majority population.

Background: Functional outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be significantly improved by discharge to posthospitalization care facilities. Many variables influence the discharge disposition of the TBI patient, including insurance status, patient condition, and patient prognosis. The literature has demonstrated an ethnic disparity in posthospitalization care referral, with Hispanics being discharged to rehabilitation and nursing facilities less often than non-Hispanics.

Calcitonin-Negative Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Thyroid.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the thyroid are rare; the most common type is medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). They are derived from parafollicular cells (C-cells) that usually express calcitonin, chromogranin, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Calcitonin-negative NETs of the thyroid are extremely rare, and the origin of these tumors is unclear.

Management of microcarcinomas (papillary and medullary) of the thyroid.

Purpose Of Review: Microcarcinomas of the thyroid gland are defined by the size criteria as tumors measuring less than 1 cm in greatest dimension. The clinical significance of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and medullary thyroid microcarcinoma (MTMC) is debatable. Variation in practice patterns exist in the United States with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management.

Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas.

Purpose Of Review: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare tumors, with an incidence of one per 100, 000 individuals per year, and they account for 1-2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. PNETs are a heterogeneous group with varying clinical presentation, tumor biology and prognosis. This article reviews the current diagnostic strategy and treatment armamentarium for PNETs.