Are Gait Patterns during In-Lab Running Representative of Gait Patterns during Real-World Training? An Experimental Study.

Biomechanical assessments of running typically take place inside motion capture laboratories. However, it is unclear whether data from these in-lab gait assessments are representative of gait during real-world running. This study sought to test how well real-world gait patterns are represented by in-lab gait data in two cohorts of runners equipped with consumer-grade wearable sensors measuring speed, step length, vertical oscillation, stance time, and leg stiffness.

Accuracy of the SenseWear Armband during Short Bouts of Exercise.

A goal of mobile monitoring is to approximate metabolic energy expenditure (EE) during activities of daily living and exercise. Many physical activity monitors are inaccurate with respect to estimated EE and differentiating between activities that occur over short intervals. The objective of our study was to assess the validity of the SenseWear Armband (SWA) compared to indirect calorimetry (IC) during short intervals of walking and running.

Lower extremity joint contact force symmetry during walking and running, 2-7 years post-ACL reconstruction.

Premature osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is common among athletes. Reduced knee contact forces after ACLR likely contribute to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Whether this reduction is accompanied by compensatory increases in joint contact forces (JCF) at adjacent or contralateral joints is unclear.

The Predictive Validity and Clinical Application of Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths & Injuries (STEADI) for Fall Risk Screening.

Fall prevention is critical for older adults. Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) is a fall prevention initiative, promoted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). The purpose of this review aims to discuss the predictive validity, improve the predictive validity of STEADI, and apply STEADI in clinical settings.

modeling of tibial fatigue life in physically active males and females during different exercise protocols.

Preventing bone stress injuries (BSI) requires a deep understanding of the condition's underlying causes and risk factors. Subject-specific computer modeling studies of gait mechanics, including the effect of changes in running speed, stride length, and landing patterns on tibial stress injury formation can provide essential insights into BSI prevention. This study aimed to computationally examine the effect of different exercise protocols on tibial fatigue life in male and female runners during prolonged walking and running at three different speeds.

Ankle plantar flexor muscle performance and patient reported outcomes in people following total ankle arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate ankle power generation during gait in people with total ankle arthroplasty, and examine the relationships between postoperative plantar flexor strength, ankle power, and patient outcomes.

Methods: Nineteen people with end-stage ankle arthritis who received a total ankle arthroplasty and 19 healthy matched controls participated in this case-control study. Patient reported outcomes included a region specific measure of foot function and a generic measure of physical function.

The Feasibility of Using the Virtual Time-to-Contact Measure of Postural Stability to Examine Postural Recovery in People With Diabetes Mellitus.

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of using time-to-contact measures during the perturbation protocol in people with diabetes mellitus. Three-dimension motion capture and force data were collected during 0.5-s perturbations in four directions (forward, backward, right, and left) and at two accelerations (20 and 40 cm/s2) to compute the time-to-contact.

Peak and Per-Step Tibial Bone Stress During Walking and Running in Female and Male Recreational Runners.

Background: Athletes, especially female athletes, experience high rates of tibial bone stress injuries (BSIs). Knowledge of tibial loads during walking and running is needed to understand injury mechanisms and design safe running progression programs.

Purpose: To examine tibial loads as a function of gait speed in male and female runners.

Tibial stress during running following a repeated calf-raise protocol.

Tibial stress fractures are a problematic injury among runners. Increased loading of the tibia has been observed following prolonged weight-bearing activity and is suggested to be the result of reduced activity of the plantar flexor muscles. The musculature that spans the tibia contributes to bending of the bone and influences the magnitude of stress on the tibia during running.

Muscle force characteristics of male and female collegiate cross-country runners during overground running.

Males and females demonstrate unique running mechanics that may contribute to sex-related differences in common running related injuries. Understanding differences in muscle forces during running may inform intervention approaches, such as gait retraining addressing muscle force distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force characteristics and inter-trial variability between males and females during running.

Estimating Tibial Stress throughout the Duration of a Treadmill Run.

Introduction: Stress fractures of the tibia are a problematic injury among runners of all levels. Quantifying tibial stress using a modeling approach provides an alternative to invasive assessments that may be used to detect changes in tibial stress during running. This study aimed to assess the repeatability of a tibial stress model and to use this model to quantify changes in tibial stress that occur throughout the course of a 40-min prolonged treadmill run.

Effects of Load Carriage and Step Length Manipulation on Achilles Tendon and Knee Loads.

Introduction: Longer steps with load carriage is common in shorter Soldiers when matching pace with taller Soldiers whereas shorter steps are hypothesized to reduce risk of injury with load carriage. The effects of load carriage with and without step length manipulation on loading patterns of three commonly injured structures were determined: Achilles tendon, patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and medial tibiofemoral joint (mTFJ).

Materials And Methods: ROTC Cadets (n = 16; 20.

Walking velocity and step length adjustments affect knee joint contact forces in healthy weight and obese adults.

Knee osteoarthritis is a major public health problem and adults with obesity are particularly at risk. One approach to alleviating this problem is to reduce the mechanical load at the joint during daily activity. Adjusting temporospatial parameters of walking could mitigate cumulative knee joint mechanical loads.

Sex-specific kinetic and kinematic indicators of medial tibiofemoral force during walking and running.

Background: Our aims were to (1) Evaluate sex-specific contributions of peak knee flexion moment (pKFM) and peak knee adduction moment (pKAM) in medial tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) force during walking and running; (2) identify kinematic variables to estimate peak medial TFJ force.

Methods: Eighty-seven runners participated (36 females, 51 males; age=23.0±3.

INFLUENCE OF INJURY ON DYNAMIC POSTURAL CONTROL IN RUNNERS.

Background: Injury has been linked with altered postural control in active populations. The association between running injury and dynamic postural control has not been examined.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine dynamic postural control in injured and uninjured runners using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Time to Stabilization (TTS) of ground reaction forces following a single-leg landing, and postural stability indices reflecting the fluctuations in GRFs during single-leg landing and stabilization tasks (forward and lateral hop).

Changes in tibiofemoral contact forces during running in response to in-field gait retraining.

We evaluated the efficacy of an in-field gait retraining programme using mobile biofeedback to reduce cumulative and peak tibiofemoral loads during running. Thirty runners were randomised to either a retraining group or control group. Retrainers were asked to increase their step rate by 7.

Sex differences in running mechanics and patellofemoral joint kinetics following an exhaustive run.

Patellofemoral joint pain (PFP) is a common running-related injury that is more prevalent in females and thought to be associated with altered running mechanics. Changes in running mechanics have been observed following an exhaustive run but have not been analyzed relative to the sex bias for PFP. The purpose of this study was to test if females demonstrate unique changes in running mechanics associated with PFP following an exhaustive run.

Bone stress in runners with tibial stress fracture.

Background: Combinations of smaller bone geometry and greater applied loads may contribute to tibial stress fracture. We examined tibial bone stress, accounting for geometry and applied loads, in runners with stress fracture.

Methods: 23 runners with a history of tibial stress fracture & 23 matched controls ran over a force platform while 3-D kinematic and kinetic data were collected.

Differences in joint-position sense and vibratory threshold in runners with and without a history of overuse injury.

Context: A relationship between altered postural control and injury has been reported in sports. Sensorimotor function serves a fundamental role in postural control and is not often studied in runners. Persons who sustain running injury may have altered sensorimotor function contributing to risk of injury or reinjury.

Effect of step width manipulation on tibial stress during running.

Narrow step width has been linked to variables associated with tibial stress fracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of step width on bone stresses using a standardized model of the tibia. 15 runners ran at their preferred 5k running velocity in three running conditions, preferred step width (PSW) and PSW±5% of leg length.

Effects of step length on patellofemoral joint stress in female runners with and without patellofemoral pain.

Background: Patellofemoral pain is common among runners and is frequently attributed to increased patellofemoral joint stress. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of changing step length during running on patellofemoral joint stress per step and stress per mile in females with and without patellofemoral pain.

Methods: Ten female runners with patellofemoral pain and 13 healthy female runners performed running trials at 3.

Step width alters iliotibial band strain during running.

This study assessed the effect of step width during running on factors related to iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome. Three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and kinetics were recorded from 15 healthy recreational runners during overground running under various step width conditions (preferred and at least +/- 5% of their leg length). Strain and strain rate were estimated from a musculoskeletal model of the lower extremity.

Running injury and stride time variability over a prolonged run.

Locomotor variability is inherent to movement and, in healthy systems, contains a predictable structure. In this study, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to quantify the structure of variability in locomotion. Using DFA, long-range correlations (α) are calculated in over ground running and the influence of injury and fatigue on α is examined.

The effects of age and type of carrying task on lower extremity kinematics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount and load symmetry on lower extremity kinematics during carrying tasks. Forty-two participants in four age groups (8-10 years, 12-14 years, 15-17 years and adults) carried loads of 0%, 10% and 20% body weight (BW) in large or small buckets unilaterally and bilaterally. Reflective markers were tracked to determine total joint range of motion and maximum joint angles during the stance phase of walking.