The Effects of Abnormal Exposure on Individual Dose Monitoring with TLD Dosimeters.

Objectives: To analyze the effects of normal x-ray inspection, machine washing, and machine drying on thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements during external individual monitoring and to provide suggestions for determining individual monitoring measurements under the mentioned abnormal situations. In this study, we focused on three abnormal situations: x-ray inspection, machine washing, and machine drying, which are common in external individual dose monitoring. We measured and compared the doses from TLD with and without 11, 23, 35, and 50 security checks.

OLINDA/EXM 2-The Next-generation Personal Computer Software for Internal Dose Assessment in Nuclear Medicine.

The OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 personal computer code was created as an upgrade to the widely used OLINDA/EXM 1.0 and 1.

Comparison of absorbed dose extrapolation methods for mouse-to-human translation of radiolabelled macromolecules.

Background: Extrapolation of human absorbed doses (ADs) from biodistribution experiments on laboratory animals is used to predict the efficacy and toxicity profiles of new radiopharmaceuticals. Comparative studies between available animal-to-human dosimetry extrapolation methods are missing. We compared five computational methods for mice-to-human AD extrapolations, using two different radiopharmaceuticals, namely [In]CHX-DTPA-scFv78-Fc and [Ga]NODAGA-RGDyK.

First in Human Evaluation and Dosimetry Calculations for Peptide I-p5+14-a Novel Radiotracer for the Detection of Systemic Amyloidosis Using PET/CT Imaging.

Purpose: Accurate diagnosis of amyloidosis remains a significant clinical challenge and unmet need for patients. The amyloid-reactive peptide p5+14 radiolabeled with iodine-124 has been developed for the detection of amyloid by PET/CT imaging. In a first-in-human evaluation, the dosimetry and tissue distribution of I-p5+14 peptide in patients with systemic amyloidosis.

RADAR Guide: Standard Methods for Calculating Radiation Doses for Radiopharmaceuticals, Part 1-Collection of Data for Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry.

This paper presents standardized methods for collecting data to be used in performing dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals. Various steps in the process are outlined, with some specific examples given. This document can be used as a template for designing and executing kinetic studies for calculating radiation dose estimates, from animal or human data.

RADAR Guide: Standard Methods for Calculating Radiation Doses for Radiopharmaceuticals, Part 2-Data Analysis and Dosimetry.

This paper presents standardized methods for performing dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals. Various steps in the process are outlined, with some specific examples given. Special models for calculating time-activity integrals (urinary bladder, intestines) are also reviewed.

Oral Administration of Technetium-Labeled Heparin in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Objective: To determine if heparin labeled with Technetium (Tc) could be an imaging probe to detect eosinophil-related inflammation in eosinophilic esophagitis and to determine the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of Tc-heparin oral administration using image-based dosimetry models with esophageal modeling.

Methods: Freshly prepared Tc-heparin was administered orally to 5 research subjects. Radioactivity was measured by whole-body scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography during the 24 hours postadministration.

NANETS/SNMMI Procedure Standard for Somatostatin Receptor-Based Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with Lu-DOTATATE.

With the recent approval of Lu-DOTATATE for use in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, access to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is increasing. Representatives from the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging collaborated to develop a practical consensus guideline for the administration of Lu-DOTATATE. In this paper, we discuss patient screening, maintenance somatostatin analog therapy requirements, treatment location and room preparation, drug administration, and patient release as well as strategies for radiation safety, toxicity monitoring, management of potential complications, and follow-up.

Internal radiation dosimetry of a Tb-labeled antibody in tumor-bearing mice.

Background: Biodistribution studies based on organ harvesting represent the gold standard pre-clinical technique for dose extrapolations. However, sequential imaging is becoming increasingly popular as it allows the extraction of longitudinal data from single animals, and a direct correlation with deterministic radiation effects. We assessed the feasibility of mouse-specific, microPET-based dosimetry of an antibody fragment labeled with the positron emitter Tb [(T = 17.

Dose calculation of radioactive nanoparticles: first considerations for the Design of Theranostic Agents.

The use of radioactive nanoparticles as imaging and therapeutic agents is increasing globally. Indeed, the use of these nanoparticles as perfect theranostic agent is highly anticipated in the pharmaceutical market. Among the radioactive nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles are the most studied.

RADAR Dose Estimate Report: A Compendium of Radiopharmaceutical Dose Estimates Based on OLINDA/EXM Version 2.0.

A compendium of about 100 radiopharmaceuticals, based on the OLINDA/EXM version 2.0 software, is presented. A new generation of voxel-based, realistic human computational phantoms developed by the RADAR committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, based on 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, was used to develop the dose estimates, and the most recent biokinetic models were used as well.

Synthesis and preliminary PET imaging of C and F isotopologues of the ROS1/ALK inhibitor lorlatinib.

Lorlatinib (PF-06463922) is a next-generation small-molecule inhibitor of the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), which has a kinase domain that is physiologically related to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and is undergoing Phase I/II clinical trial investigations for non-small cell lung cancers. An early goal is to measure the concentrations of this drug in brain tumour lesions of lung cancer patients, as penetration of the blood-brain barrier is important for optimal therapeutic outcomes. Here we prepare both C- and F-isotopologues of lorlatinib to determine the biodistribution and whole-body dosimetry assessments by positron emission tomography (PET).

New Fetal Radiation Doses for F-FDG Based on Human Data.

Current standard values of fetal dosimetry deriving from F-FDG injection in pregnant women are estimated from animal data. The present communication offers a revision of fetal dosimetry values calculated from recently published human data, in which fetal F-FDG uptake was directly observed in vivo. The final doses were obtained from the observed time-integrated activity coefficients and a new generation of anthropomorphic voxel-based pregnancy phantoms.

Radiation dose and risks to fetus from nuclear medicine procedures.

This article discusses issues regarding administration of radiopharmaceuticals to pregnant women. Standardized dose estimates and possible biological effects on the unborn child are presented. Current and future mathematical models (phantoms) are discussed.

Realistic phantoms to characterize dosimetry in pediatric CT.

Background: The estimation of organ doses and effective doses for children receiving CT examinations is of high interest. Newer, more realistic anthropomorphic body models can provide information on individual organ doses and improved estimates of effective dose.

Materials And Methods: Previously developed body models representing 50th-percentile individuals at reference ages (newborn, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years) were modified to represent 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th height percentiles for both genders and an expanded range of ages (3, 8 and 13 years).