Is titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V cytotoxic to gingival fibroblasts-A systematic review.

Objectives: Grade V titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4 V) is a well-recognized metallic biomaterial for medical implants. There has been some controversy regarding the use of this alloy in medical devices in relation to the toxicity of vanadium. In Dentistry, Ti-6Al-4 V remains prevalent.

Prospective, longitudinal assessment of quality of life in patients with cancer of the head and neck and their primary carers.

Cancer of the head and neck has profound psychosocial and physical effects on patients, so quality of life (QoL) is an essential consideration-not only is it of importance to the patient but it also provides a subjective measure of the success of treatment. However, we know of little work about its influence on carers. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the diagnosis and treatment on the QoL of patients and their carers from baseline (preoperatively) to three months postoperatively.

Chronic infection accelerates the occurrence of age-related granules in ApoE mice brains.

This study explored the origin of age-related granules in the apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE) B6 background mice brains following chronic gingival infection with for 24 weeks. Intracerebral localization of was detected by fluorescence hybridization (FISH) and its protease by immunohistochemistry. The age-related granules were observed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), silver impregnation, and immunostaining.

Developing an ecologically relevant heterogeneous biofilm model for dental-unit waterlines.

This study monitored the biodiversity of microbes cultured from a heterogeneous biofilm which had formed on the lumen of a section of dental waterline tubing over a period of 910 days. By day 2 bacterial counts on the outlet-water showed that contamination of the system had occurred. After 14 days, a biofilm comparable to that of clinical waterlines, consisting of bacteria, fungi and amoebae had formed.

Monitoring dental-unit-water-line output water by current in-office test kits.

The importance of monitoring contamination levels in the output water of dental-unit-water-lines (DUWLs) is essential as they are prone to developing biofilms that may contaminate water that is used to treat patients, with opportunistic pathogens such as species of Legionella, Pseudomonas and others. Dentists and practice staff are also at risk of being infected by means of cross-infection due to aerosols generated from DUWL water. The unit of measurement for the microbial contamination of water by aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria is the colony-forming unit per millilitre (cfu/ml) of water.

Stability of parenteral nanoemulsions loaded with paclitaxel: the influence of lipid phase composition, drug concentration and storage temperature.

Paclitaxel was loaded into licensed parenteral nutrition nanoemulsions (Clinoleic® and Intralipid®) using bath sonication, and the stability of the formulations was investigated following storage for two weeks at room temperature or at 4 °C. In general, Clinoleic droplets were smaller than Intralipid droplets, being around 255 and 285 nm, respectively, for blank and freshly loaded emulsions. Regardless of storage temperature, the Clinoleic exhibited a very slight or no increase in droplet size upon storage, whilst the droplet size of the Intralipid emulsion increased significantly.

Osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells on smooth, roughened, and tricalcium phosphate-modified titanium alloy surfaces.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of smooth, roughened, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-coated roughened titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) surfaces on the osteogenic potential of rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods: Machined smooth (MS), grit-blasted roughened (MT), and roughened surfaces coated with TCP were prepared from Ti-6Al-4V. Plastic surfaces were used as a control.

In vivo monitoring of the bone healing process around different titanium alloy implant surfaces placed into fresh extraction sockets.

Objectives: Increasing surface roughness and coating with tricalcium phosphate of titanium and titanium alloy implants has been proposed to provide better rates of osseointegration. However, how these changes in surface topography and chemistry influence the osseointegration process of immediate implants placed in fresh extraction sockets is unclear. This study investigated the influence of three clinically employed implant surfaces on the early bone healing events in vivo.

A national survey of UK final year students' opinion of undergraduate oral surgery teaching.

Background: A national survey was undertaken to establish a baseline of our final year students' perception of how their undergraduate oral surgery education has equipped them for key areas of general dental practice.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to the 13 UK schools with final year students, towards the end of the academic year in 2009. The questionnaires were completed anonymously and were optically scanned.

Clinical medical sciences for undergraduate dental students in the United Kingdom and Ireland - a curriculum.

The technical aspects of dentistry need to be practised with insight into the spectrum of human diseases and illnesses and how these impact upon individuals and society. Application of this insight is critical to decision-making related to the planning and delivery of safe and appropriate patient-centred healthcare tailored to the needs of the individual. Provision for the necessary training is included in undergraduate programmes, but in the United Kingdom and Ireland there is considerable variation between centres without common outcomes.

Delayed osteoblast differentiation and altered inflammatory response around implants placed in incisor sockets of type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: Central to the process of osseointegration is the recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells to the healing site, their proliferation and differentiation to bone synthesising osteoblasts. The process is under the control of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. The aim of this study was to monitor these key stages of osseointegration and the signalling milieu during bone healing around implants placed in healthy and diabetic bone.

A generic consensus assessment of undergraduate competence in forceps exodontia in the United Kingdom.

Unlabelled: The assessment of competence in clinical skills has become more frequent in published healthcare curricula and syllabuses recently. There are agreed mechanisms for the assessment of competence in the post-graduate environment, but no consensus within the undergraduate curriculum. This paper seeks to develop an agreed generic checklist for the assessment of competence in forceps exodontia.

Is there a relationship between birthweight and subsequent growth on the development of dental caries at 5 years of age? A cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the associations between childhood growth and the presence of dental caries at age 5.

Methods: Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) a population-based, prospective cohort study were used. We enrolled 14,541 pregnancies, and a 10% sample of these were dentally examined and measured at 61 months of age.

Exploring the link between microorganisms and oral cancer: a systematic review of the literature.

The majority of cases of oral cancer have been related to tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. However, the incidence of oral cavity carcinoma appears to be increasing in many parts of the world in a manner that it is difficult to explain with traditional risk factors alone. Meanwhile, interest in the possible relationships between microorganisms and the different stages of cancer development has been rising and numerous mechanisms by which bacteria and yeast may initiate or promote carcinogenesis are currently under investigation.

IGF-I protects human oral buccal mucosal epithelial cells from sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis via PI3-kinase.

Objective: Cancers of the head and neck account for the vast majority of all malignancies of the oral cavity. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins is well documented to have an important role in rescuing cells from apoptosis. While it is known the IGF proteins are present in normal oral epithelial and cancer cells its role is not fully understood.

Upregulation of IGF-2 and IGF-1 receptor expression in oral cancer cell lines.

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of mitogenic proteins involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The presence and role of the IGF system in oral mucosal epithelium is not clear but could influence our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral cancer. We characterised the expression and function of IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGF receptor in human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and normal oral epithelial cells as well as normal oral and squamous cell carcinoma tissues.

Viable bacteria present within oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue.

Despite increasing interest in the possible relationships between bacteria and the different stages of cancer development, the association of bacteria with cancer of the oral cavity has yet to be adequately examined. With that in mind, the primary objective of this study was to identify any bacterial species within oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue using a standard microbiological culture approach. At the time of surgery, a 1-cm3 portion of tissue was harvested from deep within the tumor mass using a fresh blade for each cut.

Recurrent Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: case report.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, also known as histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis, is a self-limiting condition of uncertain aetiology characterised by lymphadenopathy, pyrexia, and neutropenia. Some reported cases have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and there have been suggestions that Kikuchi's disease could represent a mild form of lupus but without definite evidence. We describe an unusual case of histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis in an Asian woman who had recurrent episodes for five years before a diagnosis was made.

Persistent idiopathic unilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy: a case report.

Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy (IHNP) although a rare condition, has been previously reported. A literature review revealed that in most cases, IHNP indicates the presence of an intracranial or extracranial space occupying lesion, head and neck injury, vascular abnormality, infection, autoimmune disease or neuropathy. Reports of idiopathic cases are rare and the vast majority of IHNP are reversible.

Topical adrenaline and cocaine gel for anaesthetising children's lacerations. An audit of acceptability and safety.

Objectives: (1) To assess the acceptability of a gel solution of adrenaline (epinephrine) (1 in 2000) and cocaine (5%) for anaesthetising children's facial lacerations to the child, parent, and operator. (2) To assess the safety of the current protocol.

Setting: The emergency unit of a large university hospital.

Reconstruction of the eyebrow using a combination of hair-bearing composite graft and microsurgical hair follicle transplant techniques.

We present a patient whose eyebrow was restored following a road vehicle crash by a postauricular composite graft together with microfollicular hair transplants.

Simultaneous repair of an orbital floor fracture and removal of an ethmoid osteoma: case report and review of the literature.

A case is presented of an ethmoid osteoma, which was discovered during the investigation of an orbital floor fracture. The osteoma was removed at the same time as orbital floor repair and special attention paid to preserving the medical canthal structures.

Sublingual gland involvement in systemic Wegener's granulomatosis: a case report.

Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis characterized by necrosis, granulomatosis and inflammation. The usual targets are extra-oral, although salivary gland involvement has been recognized, usually confined to parotid and submandibular glands. A case report is presented of sublingual gland presentation, confirmed on biopsy, which proceeded to systemic involvement.

Oral pemphigus vulgaris occurring during pregnancy.

There have been few reports describing the occurrence of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) during pregnancy. The patient described in this case report is interesting because the PV that developed during her pregnancy was confined to her mouth. It has been suggested that prompt treatment with systemic steroids prevents development of PV in cutaneous tissues.