Glabridin Suppresses Macrophage Activation by Lipoteichoic Acid In Vitro: The Crucial Role of MAPKs-IL-1β-iNOS Axis Signals in Peritoneal and Alveolar Macrophages.

Inflammation, a fundamental response to infection and injury, involves interactions among immune cells and signaling molecules. Dysregulated inflammation contributes to diseases such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), produced by macrophages in response to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria, is a key inflammatory mediator.

Costs and Length of Stay of Hospitalizations due to Diabetes-Related Complications.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a significant worldwide public health problem and economic burden because a great proportion of healthcare costs has been spent on the treatment of DM and its related complications. The aim of this study was to examine the costs and length of stay (LoS) of hospitalizations due to diabetes-related complications in Taiwan.

Methods: This study is a retrospective claim database analysis using the Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patients, with 2012 used as the base year.

Healthcare costs and utilization of diabetes-related complications in Taiwan: A claims database analysis.

To estimate the healthcare utilization and costs of major diabetes mellitus (DM)-related complications in Taiwan in the year of first occurrence and in subsequent years.This study is a retrospective claim database analysis using the longitudinal cohort of diabetes patients (LHDB) with 2012 as the base year. Occurrences of 8 DM-related complications of interest were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes.

Translation, revision, and validation of the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with Oral Anti-Diabetic Agent Scale (C-SOADAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Satisfaction with Oral Anti-Diabetic Agent Scale (SOADAS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients taking oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Taiwan.

Patients And Methods: The SOADAS was translated to Chinese and was modified based on reviews of two physicians, five diabetes educators, and two patient focus groups. A cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey was conducted in adult patients with type 2 DM who were taking OADs.

Patient preferences for diabetes-related complications in Taiwan.

As the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to increase rapidly, there has been a rising need not only to assess the clinical outcomes but also the impact of DM on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected individuals. Most previous studies have found that having complications is strongly associated with decreased HRQoL in DM patients. As such, it is crucial to measure individuals' preferences for DM-related complications in order to assess the magnitude of complications' effect on overall HRQoL.