Modular Approach to Creating Functionalized Surface Arrays of Molecular Qubits.

The quest for developing quantum technologies is driven by the promise of exponentially faster computations, ultrahigh performance sensing, and achieving thorough understanding of many-particle quantum systems. Molecular spins are excellent qubit candidates because they feature long coherence times, are widely tunable through chemical synthesis, and can be interfaced with other quantum platforms such as superconducting qubits. A present challenge for molecular spin qubits is their integration in quantum devices, which requires arranging them in thin films or monolayers on surfaces.

Electrochemical Characterization of Redox Probes Confined in 3D Conducting Polymer Networks.

In this manuscript we present a versatile platform for introducing functional redox species into tailor-made 3D redox polymer networks. Electrochemical characterization based on cyclic voltammetry is applied to verify the immobilization of the redox species within the conducting networks. Ultimately this strategy shall be extended to (photo)electrocatalytic applications which will profit from the conducting polymer matrix.

Pyk2 deficiency enhances bone mass during midpalatal suture expansion.

Objective: To determine if Pyk2 deficiency increases midpalatal suture bone mass and preserves sutural integrity after maxillary expansion.

Setting And Sample: Thirty-six male Pyk2 knockout (KO) and control (WT) mice at 6 weeks of age.

Materials And Methods: Mice received nickel-titanium spring expanders delivering 0 g (no intervention control), 10 or 20 g force for 14 days.

Electrochemical Manipulation of Aligned Block Copolymer Templates.

Block copolymers have a wide range of functions in advanced electrochemistry because of their ability to self-assemble into ordered nanometer-sized structures, resulting in their extensive usage as nanoporous templates that can be electrochemically manipulated. These highly ordered nanoporous templates are used as working electrodes for electrodeposition and electropolymerization to build nanoelectrode arrays and can serve as models to study the diffusion pathway of redox-active units with regard to chemical modification of pores. The block copolymer system allows different morphologies to be utilized, but the most exploited structures are standing cylinders of the minority block that are etched to expose highly aligned porous nanoelectrode array templates.

A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Trial on Effectiveness of Amnion-Chorion Membranes in Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Clinical, Radiologic, and Morphometric Study.

Purpose: Recent case reports suggest that amnion-chorion membranes (ACM) and dense polytetrafluoroethylene membranes (dPTFE) can be left exposed during ridge preservation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of these membranes in ridge preservation, particularly when they are intentionally left exposed.

Materials And Methods: A split-mouth, single-blind, randomized trial design was used to compare treatments with the two membranes in 22 nonmolar sites on the same arch.

Susceptibility of partially desalivated rats to erosive tooth wear by calcium-supplemented beverages.

Objectives: To investigate the susceptibility of partially desalivated rats to erosive tooth wear (ETW); the anti-erosive effect of a calcium-supplemented beverage; and the quantification of ETW by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).

Methods: The study population consisted of thirty-eight rats, divided into partially desalivated (n = 19) and normal salivary flow (n = 19). They were randomly allocated into three subgroups (n = 6-7): A-diet soda, B-diet soda + calcium, C-water (control).

Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Evaluation of BoneCeramic Grafted Alveolar Defects during Tooth Movement in Rat.

Objective: BoneCeramic can regenerate bone in alveolar defects, but it remains unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate three-dimensional real-time bone responses and micromechanical properties in the grafting sites during orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss), and no graft, respectively, after the extraction of the left maxillary first molar.

BoneCeramic graft regenerates alveolar defects but slows orthodontic tooth movement with less root resorption.

Introduction: BoneCeramic (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) can regenerate bone in alveolar defects after tooth extraction, but it is unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate 3-dimensional real-time root resorption and bone responses in grafted sites during orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss; Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland), or no graft, after the extraction of the maxillary left first molar.

Laser-treated stainless steel mini-screw implants: 3D surface roughness, bone-implant contact, and fracture resistance analysis.

Background/objectives: This study investigated the biomechanical properties and bone-implant intersurface response of machined and laser surface-treated stainless steel (SS) mini-screw implants (MSIs).

Material And Methods: Forty-eight 1.3mm in diameter and 6mm long SS MSIs were divided into two groups.

Hounsfield unit change in root and alveolar bone during canine retraction.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the Hounsfield unit (HU) changes in the alveolar bone and root surfaces during controlled canine retractions.

Methods: Eighteen maxillary canine retraction patients were selected for this split-mouth design clinical trial. The canines in each patient were randomly assigned to receive either translation or controlled tipping treatment.

Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva.

Objective: To compare the initial failure rate (≤4 months) for extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) miniscrews placed in movable mucosa (MM) or attached gingiva (AG).

Materials And Methods: A total of 1680 consecutive stainless steel (SS) 2 × 12-mm MBS miniscrews were placed in 840 patients (405 males and 435 females; mean age, 16 ± 5 years). All screws were placed lateral to the alveolar process and buccal to the lower first and second molar roots.

Suture cartilage formation pattern varies with different expansive forces.

Introduction: Midpalatal suture expansion could induce osteogenesis to correct maxillary insufficiency; cartilage formation could also be induced, and lower-magnitude forces might generate a preferable response pattern. In this study, we aimed for an enhanced understanding of the cartilage formatting effects of expansion.

Methods: Thirty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly and evenly assigned to 3 groups; the animals in each group received a sustained suture expansion at 0, 10, and 20 g, respectively.

Technical procedures for template-guided surgery for mandibular reconstruction based on digital design and manufacturing.

Background: The occurrence of mandibular defects caused by tumors has been continuously increasing in China in recent years. Conversely, results of the repair of mandibular defects affect the recovery of oral function and patient appearance, and the requirements for accuracy and high surgical quality must be more stringent. Digital techniques--including model reconstruction based on medical images, computer-aided design, and additive manufacturing--have been widely used in modern medicine to improve the accuracy and quality of diagnosis and surgery.

Three-dimensional canine displacement patterns in response to translation and controlled tipping retraction strategies.

Objective: To validate whether applying a well-defined initial three-dimensional (3D) load can create consistently expected tooth movement in patients.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one patients who needed bilateral canine retraction to close extraction space were selected for this split-mouth clinical trial. After initial alignment and leveling, two canines in each patient were randomly assigned to receive either translation (TR) or controlled tipping (CT) load.

Comparison of stainless steel and titanium alloy orthodontic miniscrew implants: a mechanical and histologic analysis.

Introduction: The detailed mechanical and histologic properties of stainless steel miniscrew implants used for temporary orthodontic anchorage have not been assessed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare them with identically sized titanium alloy miniscrew implants.

Methods: Forty-eight stainless steel and 48 titanium alloy miniscrew implants were inserted into the tibias of 12 rabbits.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 stimulates bone formation during interfrontal suture expansion in rabbits.

Introduction: Suture expansion stimulates bone growth to correct craniofacial deficiencies but has a high potential of treatment relapse. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and bone formation during suture expansion.

Methods: Fifty 6-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 5 groups to receive 0 (control), 0.

Effects of platelet-rich plasma and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on suture distraction osteogenesis.

Background: Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been reported to induce osteoblast differentiation in certain studies, while in others, osteogenesis has not been shown clinically. The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of PRP and its combination with rhBMP-2 as a controlled delivery system during sagittal suture distraction osteogenesis.

Methods: Thirty-six-week male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to sagittal suture distraction osteogenesis groups treated with (1) PRP gel alone; and (2) PRP gel mixed with 10 μg rhBMP-2 (PRP/rhBMP-2), and a control group untreated.

Personality traits as a potential predictor of willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.

Objective: To establish an association between patient personality traits and potential willingness to undergo various orthodontic treatments.

Materials And Methods: One hundred adolescent individuals aged 12-16 years completed an anonymous electronic questionnaire via Survey Monkey. The 24-item questionnaire contained three major sections: patient demographics, a modified Big Five Inventory (BFI)-10 personality index, and a willingness to undergo treatment assessment.

Orthodontic mini-implant diameter does not affect in-situ linear microcrack generation in the mandible or the maxilla.

Introduction: Microdamage reduces bone mechanical properties and thus could contribute to implant failure. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the diameter of mini-implants affects linear microcrack generation and whether this differs between the mandible and the maxilla because of their contrasting cortical thicknesses.

Methods: Maxillary and mandibular quadrants of 5 dogs were randomly assigned to receive, in situ, no pilot drilling or mini-implant insertion (control), pilot drilling only without mini-implants, or pilot drilling plus a mini-implant of 1 of 3 diameters: 1.

Three-dimensional quantification of pretorqued nickel-titanium wires in edgewise and prescription brackets.

Objective: To quantify the three-dimensional moments and forces produced by pretorqued nickel-titanium (NiTi) rectangular archwires fully engaged in 0.018- and 0.022-inch slots of central incisor and molar edgewise and prescription brackets.

In vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation of rat alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective: To observe the real-time microarchitecture changes of the alveolar bone and root resorption during orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: A 10 g force was delivered to move the maxillary left first molars mesially in twenty 10-week-old rats for 14 days. The first molar and adjacent alveolar bone were scanned using in vivo microcomputed tomography at the following time points: days 0, 3, 7, and 14.

Suture compression induced bone resorption with intensified MMP-1 and 13 expressions.

Unlabelled: Suture compression is a widely used approach to inhibit maxillary growth; however, biological responses in sutures to compressive force are still unclear. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and osteoclast activities during the midpalatal suture compression.

Methods: 56 six-week old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the control and compression groups.

The effects of varying alcohol concentrations commonly found in mouth rinses on the force decay of elastomeric chain.

Objective: To test the effect of alcohol on force decay of elastomeric chains in vitro in order to determine if increasing alcohol concentrations results in an increased amount of elastomeric chain force decay.

Materials And Methods: A prospective laboratory study was completed to test the effect of alcohol exposure on orthodontic elastomeric chain. A total of 450 specimens were divided into five test groups.

How does tooth eruption relate to vertical mandibular growth displacement?

Introduction: Our objectives were to investigate the eruptive patterns of the mandibular teeth and assess their associations with mandibular growth displacements.

Methods: Cephalograms for a mixed-longitudinal sample of 124 French-Canadian girls were evaluated between 10 and 15 years of age. Vertical mandibular displacement and mandibular eruption were evaluated by using cranial and mandibular superimpositions, respectively.

Is there an optimal force level for sutural expansion?

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish the causal relationships between expansion force magnitudes, sutural separation, and sutural bone formation.

Methods: Thirty-seven 6-week-old rabbits were randomly assigned to 4 force groups (0, 50, 100, or 200 g). Constant forces were delivered for 42 days by nickel-titanium open-coil springs to miniscrew implants (MSIs) placed in the frontal bone on both sides of the midsagittal suture.