Unexpected positive intraoperative cultures (UPIC) in revision Hip and knee arthroplasty- A review of the literature.

Unexpected positive intraoperative culture (UPIC) in revision hip and knee arthroplasty has a prevalence of 10.5%, there is no consensus in the literature on how to interpret them and how to treat them. Our literature review showed that most authors would consider two or more positive cultures as significant and usually treat them with culture specific antibiotics for 4-6 weeks.