keratitis: A clinical diagnosis with successful outcome.

keratitis is mostly seen in patients with alcoholism, malnutrition, or HIV. Its chronic waxing-and-waning course makes it difficult to diagnose. A 53-year-old male presented with pain and redness in his right eye for the past 3 weeks.

Serum vitamin D level alterations in retinal vascular occlusions.

Aim: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels in sub-types of retinal vascular occlusions and compare the levels in ischemic and non-ischemic presentations.

Methods: This study included 50 patients of retinal vascular occlusions comprising central retinal vein occlusion, branch retinal vein occlusion, central retinal artery occlusion, branch retinal artery occlusion (study group) diagnosed on basis of clinical characteristics as well as investigations and an age and gender-matched healthy control group (control group). The study group was further classified into ischemic and non-ischemic subtypes and serum vitamin D levels were analysed and compared.

Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis Following Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Rare Complication.

Purpose: To report a case of ocular toxoplasmosis as a rare complication of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in a case of diabetic macular edema.

Methods: A 56 years old male, a known case of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, received intravitreal dexamethasone implant for diabetic macular edema in left eye. He developed toxoplasma retinochoroiditis involving the macula with further diminution of vision in his left eye 3 weeks after the injection.

Pattern and distribution of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy on fundus fluorescein angiography: A growing paradigm.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate pattern and distribution of neovascularization of optic disc (NVD) and elsewhere (NVE) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among freshly detected cases of PDR. Fundus fluorescein angiographic images of 61 eyes were assessed.

Outcomes of Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty in cases of corneal endothelial dysfunction.

Background: Automated microkeratome is commonly used to get donor lenticules for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK); however, manual dissection of donor lenticules is also being done with good outcomes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the results of manual DSEK performed in cases of corneal endothelial dysfunction caused due to pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, and postpenetrating keratoplasty graft failure.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective observational study.

Association of serum vitamin D levels with clinical spectrum of central serous chorioretinopathy patients of Indian origin.

Background: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone has been implicated in various ophthalmological diseases such as ocular inflammation, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and ocular angiogenesis. Many studies have shown effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress, angiogenesis and retinal circulation. However, there is definitive lack in published literature on effect of vitamin D on central serous chorioretinopathy especially in view of various epidemiological studies reporting risk of vitamin deficiency in up to 40% adult population.

An observational study on ocular manifestations in patients of psoriasis in a tertiary care hospital in western India.

Background: The aim of the study is to observe the ocular manifestation in patients of psoriasis.

Methods: All the diagnosed cases of Psoriasis by the dermatology department of this tertiary care hospital were included in this study. Relevant details of the history pertaining to disease duration, type of psoriasis, and treatment undertaken including ocular symptoms were obtained.

Ray tracing biometry in post radial keratotomy eye.

Objective: To report a case of post radial keratotomy (RK) cataract in a 55-year-old lady wherein biometry was done by ray-tracing method incorporated in scheimpflug topographer (Sirius + Scheimpflug Analyzer, CSO, Italy).

Method: In our case, we performed intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation using a recent concept of ray tracing with scheimpflug topographer and compared with traditional methods available at American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery(ASCRS) website (www.ascrs.

Assessment of posture-induced cyclotorsion during cataract surgery using the Verion image-guided system.

Background: The purpose of this prospective observational study is to analyse posture-induced cyclotorsion in eyes undergoing conventional phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and femtolaser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) using the Verion image-guided system.

Methods: Cyclotorsion was assessed in patients who underwent conventional phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation and FLACS between June 2017 and November 2017 with registration of iris architecture, limbal and bulbar conjunctival blood vessels acquired preoperatively using the Verion Reference Unit (the patient in sitting position) and intraoperatively under the microscope using the digital marker of the Verion image-guided system with the patient in supine position.

Results: Forty-four eyes of 30 patients (21 men and 9 women) were included with the mean age of 56.

Long-term Functional and Anatomic Outcomes of Repeat Graft After Optically Failed Therapeutic Keratoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate the functional and anatomic outcomes of repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in optically failed therapeutic grafts.

Design: Prospective interventional case series.

Methods: All cases admitted at the apex tertiary care center for repeat keratoplasty following optically failed therapeutic PK were enrolled over a period of 1 year.