Hounsfield Unit Utilization in Cervical Spine for Bone Quality Assessment: A Scoping Review.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is an essential indicator of bone strength and plays a crucial role in the clinical management of various spinal pathologies. Hounsfield units (HUs) calculated from computed tomography (CT) scans are a well-established, effective, and non-invasive method to determine bone density in the lumbar spine when juxtaposed to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, the gold standard for assessing trabecular bone density. Only recently have studies begun to investigate and establish HUs as a reliable and valid alternative for bone quality assessment in the cervical spine as well.

Production and Characterization of Pomelo Albedo Powder Based Pasta: Physicochemical, Functional, Textural and Sensorial Attributes.

Background: Pomelo albedo peel byproducts are composed of many health-ben-eficial phytochemicals during processing. This study aimed to maximize the potential of incorporating pomelo albedo powder as a bioactive ingredient in pasta.

Methods: In the present study, pomelo albedo was fortified with pasta at five different con-centrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12%), and its effects on the antioxidant, functional, textural, and sensorial attributes of pasta were investigated.

Functionality of Semolina Pasta Supplemented with Grapefruit Flavedo Byproduct: Effect on Phytochemical, Functional, Textural, Cooking, and Sensorial Quality.

Background: Pasta is consumed worldwide and can be an excellent food matrix for supplementation. Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) flavedo byproduct is reported to contain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, which represent a valuable and sustainable source of phenolics. So far, there is limited information available about the utilization of grapefruit flavedo byproducts for supplementation of pasta.

Knotty is nice: Metabolite binding and RNA-mediated gene regulation by the preQ riboswitch family.

Riboswitches sense specific cellular metabolites, leading to messenger RNA conformational changes that regulate downstream genes. Here, we review the three known prequeosine (preQ) riboswitch classes, which encompass five gene-regulatory motifs derived from distinct consensus models of folded RNA pseudoknots. Structural and functional analyses reveal multiple gene-regulation strategies ranging from partial occlusion of the ribosome-binding Shine-Dalgarno sequence (SDS), SDS sequestration driven by kinetic or thermodynamic folding pathways, direct preQ recognition by the SDS, and complete SDS burial with in the riboswitch architecture.

Two riboswitch classes that share a common ligand-binding fold show major differences in the ability to accommodate mutations.

Riboswitches are structured RNAs that sense small molecules to control expression. Prequeuosine1 (preQ1)-sensing riboswitches comprise three classes (I, II and III) that adopt distinct folds. Despite this difference, class II and III riboswitches each use 10 identical nucleotides to bind the preQ1 metabolite.

Exploring the PDZ, DUF, and LIM Domains of Pdlim5 in Dendrite Branching.

The branched architecture of neuronal dendrites is a key factor in how neurons form ordered networks and discoveries continue to be made identifying proteins and protein-protein interactions that direct or execute the branching and extension of dendrites. Our prior work showed that the molecular scaffold Pdlim5 and delta-catenin, in conjunction, are two proteins that help regulate the branching and elongation of dendrites in cultured hippocampal neurons and do so through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism triggered by upstream glutamate signaling. In this report we have focused on Pdlim5's multiple scaffolding domains and how each contributes to dendrite branching.

Role of a Pdlim5:PalmD complex in directing dendrite morphology.

Neuronal connectivity is regulated during normal brain development with the arrangement of spines and synapses being dependent on the morphology of dendrites. Further, in multiple neurodevelopmental and aging disorders, disruptions of dendrite formation or shaping is associated with atypical neuronal connectivity. We showed previously that Pdlim5 binds delta-catenin and promotes dendrite branching.

Kinetic study of thermal degradation of flaxseed oil and moringa oil blends with physico-chemical, oxidative stability index (OSI) and shelf-life prediction.

The thermal degradation kinetics of flaxseed oil (FSO) and moringa oil (MO) blends with soyabean oil (SOY; 80%), rice bran oil (RBO; 80%), cotton seed oil (CSO; 80%) and sunflower oil (SFO; 80%) with Rancimat equipment. There was no significant ( ≤ 0.05) difference observed in the specific gravity (SG), density (D), and refractive index (RI) values of the MO and FSO blends, while the rancidity parameters showed the opposite variations.

Short peptides based on the conserved regions of MIEN1 protein exhibit anticancer activity by targeting the MIEN1 signaling pathway.

Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) overexpression characterizes several cancers and facilitates cancer cell migration and invasion. Leveraging conserved immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif and prenylation motifs within MIEN1, we identified potent anticancer peptides. Among them, bioactive peptides LA3IK and RP-7 induced pronounced transcriptomic and protein expression changes at sub-IC50 concentrations.

Full-Length NAD-I Riboswitches Bind a Single Cofactor but Cannot Discriminate against Adenosine Triphosphate.

Bacterial riboswitches are structured RNAs that bind small metabolites to control downstream gene expression. Two riboswitch classes have been reported to sense nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which plays a key redox role in cellular metabolism. The NAD-I (class I) riboswitch stands out because it comprises two homologous, tandemly arranged domains.

Antimicrobial Peptides: The Production of Novel Peptide-Based Therapeutics in Plant Systems.

The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is alarming and has a significant impact on the economies of emerging and underdeveloped nations. The redundancy of antibiotic discovery platforms (ADPs) and injudicious use of conventional antibiotics has severely impacted millions, across the globe. Potent antimicrobials from biological sources have been extensively explored as a ray of hope to counter the growing menace of antibiotic resistance in the population.

Role of a Pdlim5:PalmD complex in directing dendrite morphology.

Neuronal connectivity is regulated during normal brain development with the arrangement of spines and synapses being dependent on the morphology of dendrites. Further, in multiple neurodevelopmental and aging disorders, disruptions of dendrite formation or shaping is associated with atypical neuronal connectivity. We showed previously that Pdlim5 binds delta-catenin and promotes dendrite branching (Baumert et al.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Non-COVID-19 Maternal Mortalities in a Tertiary Health Care Center of North India.

Introduction: While dealing with the COVID-19-related morbidities and mortalities in general, its adverse impact on non-COVID-19 maternal mortalities was completely forgotten so our aim is o study the adverse consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 hospital births and non-COVID-19 maternal mortalities.

Methodology: Retrospective observational study was done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Swaroop Rani Hospital, Prayagraj, to compare the non-COVID-19 hospital births, referrals, and non-COVID-19 maternal mortalities during 15 months of pre-pandemic period (March 2018 to May 2019) and 15 months of pandemic period (March 2020 to May 2021 period) and to assess their relation to GRSI using chi-square test, paired test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient.

Result: The total non-COVID-19 hospital births decreased by 4.

Trehalose and its Diverse Biological Potential.

Trehalose, a disaccharide molecule of natural origin, is known for its diverse biological applications, like in drug development, research application, natural scaffold, stem cell preservation, food, and various other industries. This review has discussed one such diverse molecule 'trehalose aka mycose', and its diverse biological applications with respect to therapeutics. Due to its inertness and higher stability at variable temperatures, it has been developed as a preservative to store stem cells, and later, it has been found to have anticancer properties.

Brillouin zone folding driven bound states in the continuum.

Non-radiative bound states in the continuum (BICs) allow construction of resonant cavities with confined electromagnetic energy and high-quality (Q) factors. However, the sharp decay of the Q factor in the momentum space limits their usefulness for device applications. Here we demonstrate an approach to achieve sustainable ultrahigh Q factors by engineering Brillouin zone folding-induced BICs (BZF-BICs).

p120-catenin subfamily members have distinct as well as shared effects on dendrite morphology during neuron development .

Dendritic arborization is essential for proper neuronal connectivity and function. Conversely, abnormal dendrite morphology is associated with several neurological pathologies like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Among major intrinsic mechanisms that determine the extent of the dendritic arbor is cytoskeletal remodeling.

Infracardiac obstructive total anomalous pulmonary venous return with ventricular septal defect: a rare anomaly.

The infracardiac variant of total anomalous pulmonary venous return occurs only rarely and is frequently obstructive in nature, thereby presenting in the early days of life [1]. An atrial septal defect is present in most cases and is necessary for survival, but a ventricular septal defect is extremely rare; only a few cases have been reported. Surgery is the only treatment option but carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality.

A changing thermal regime revealed from shallow to deep basalt source melting in the Moon.

Sample return missions have provided the basis for understanding the thermochemical evolution of the Moon. Mare basalt sources are likely to have originated from partial melting of lunar magma ocean cumulates after solidification from an initially molten state. Some of the Apollo mare basalts show evidence for the presence in their source of a late-stage radiogenic heat-producing incompatible element-rich layer, known for its enrichment in potassium, rare-earth elements, and phosphorus (KREEP).

probing of AML related RUNX1 cancer-associated missense mutations: Predicted relationships to DNA binding and drug interactions.

The molecular consequences of cancer associated mutations in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) linked factors are not very well understood. Here, we interrogated the COSMIC database for missense mutations associated with the RUNX1 protein, that is frequently mis-regulated in AML, where we sought to identify recurrently mutated positions at the DNA-interacting interface. Indeed, six of the mutated residues, out of a total 417 residues examined within the DNA binding domain, evidenced reduced DNA association in predictions.

Delta-Catenin as a Modulator of Rho GTPases in Neurons.

Small Rho GTPases are molecular switches that are involved in multiple processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. These GTPases are activated (turned on) and inactivated (turned off) through various upstream effector molecules to carry out many cellular functions. One such upstream modulator of small Rho GTPase activity is delta-catenin, which is a protein in the p120-catenin subfamily that is enriched in the central nervous system.

Personality and achievement: A follow-up study.

Background: The health and well-being of medical students along with their successful progression is an important concern for society. Studies across the world demonstrated a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and low self-esteem among medical students requires immediate attention and effective management.

Aim: To compare the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress between the groups who have cleared all papers in the first attempt with those who have got supplementary at least in one paper during their MBBS course.

Cloning and homologous characterization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GGPPS) from Withania somnifera revealed alterations in metabolic flux towards gibberellic acid biosynthesis.

Overexpression of a novel geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (WsGGPPS) in planta resulted in increased levels of gibberellic acid and decrease in withanolide content. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, the herb from family Solanaceae is one of the most treasured medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal systems owing to its unique stockpile of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites.