Neprilysin-Mediated Amyloid Beta Clearance and Its Therapeutic Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Neprilysin (NEP) is a neutral endopeptidase, important for the degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and other neuropeptides, including enkephalins, substance P, and bradykinin, in the brain, that influences various physiological processes such as blood pressure homeostasis, pain perception, and neuroinflammation. NEP breaks down Aβ peptides into smaller fragments, preventing the development of detrimental aggregates such as Aβ plaques. NEP clears Aβ plaques predominantly by enzymatic breakdown in the extracellular space.

GLIS3: A novel transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial functions and metabolic reprogramming in postnatal kidney and polycystic kidney disease.

Objectives: Deficiency in the transcription factor (TF) GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) in humans and mice leads to the development of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In this study, we investigate the role of GLIS3 in the regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions in relation to its role in normal kidney and metabolic reprogramming in PKD pathogenesis.

Methods: Transcriptomics, cistromics, and metabolomics were used to obtain insights into the role of GLIS3 in the regulation of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism in normal kidney and PKD pathogenesis using GLIS3-deficient mice.

Role of Acetazolamide in Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhea and Otorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

 Untreated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea and otorrhea can lead to adverse complications like meningitis and hence should not be overlooked. Acetazolamide reduces CSF production by 48%. The actual role of acetazolamide in the amelioration of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea and otorrhea is not clear as, till date, very few formal studies have been conducted.

Does New WHO 2022 Nomenclature of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Offer an Extra Edge to the Neurosurgeons for Its Management? A Narrative Review.

The new World Health Organization nomenclature of pituitary tumors was introduced in the year 2022 after much deliberation. This nomenclature clearly demarcates the anterior lobe (adenohypophyseal), posterior lobe (neurohypophyseal), and hypothalamic tumors. There is also focus on other tumors arising in the sellar region.

Exploiting nonlinearities through geometric engineering to enhance the auxetic behaviour in re-entrant honeycomb metamaterials.

Classical approaches to enhance auxeticity quite often involve exploring or designing newer architectures. In this work, simple geometrical features at the member level are engineered to exploit non-classical nonlinearities and improve the auxetic behaviour. The structural elements of the auxetic unit cell are here represented by thin strip-like beams, or thin-walled tubular beams.

A Framework to Diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Morphological Connectivity of sMRI and XGBoost.

In this study, we automated the diagnostic procedure of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with the help of anatomical alterations found in structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of the ASD brain and machine learning tools. Initially, the sMRI data was preprocessed using the FreeSurfer toolbox. Further, the brain regions were segmented into 148 regions of interest using the Destrieux atlas.

On the Response to Hygrothermal Ageing of Fully Recyclable Flax and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites.

The present work studies the response to hygrothermal ageing of natural fibre composites (NFCs) against synthetic fibre composites when using three different types of polymers as matrices. For ageing, coupons were fully immersed in distilled water at 23, 40, and 60 °C for a total ageing period of 56 days. Flax fibre-reinforced composites, using two recyclable polymer systems: (i) a bio-based recyclable epoxy and (ii) an acrylic-based liquid thermoplastic resin, were tested against conventional glass fibre-reinforced composites employing a synthetic (petroleum-based) epoxy.

De Novo Mining and Validating Novel Microsatellite Markers to Assess Genetic Diversity in (F.), a Legume Pod Borer.

(Fabricius) is an invasive insect pest capable of causing enormous economic losses to a broad spectrum of leguminous crops. Microsatellites are valuable molecular markers for population genetic studies; however, an inadequate number of microsatellite loci are available to carry out population association studies. Thus, we utilized this insect's public domain databases for mining expressed sequence tags (EST)-derived microsatellite markers.

Theoretical and Experimental Determination of Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy-SiO Nanocomposites.

Improvements in the thermomechanical properties of epoxy upon inclusion of well-dispersed SiO nanoparticles have been demonstrated both experimentally and through molecular dynamics simulations. The SiO was represented by two different dispersion models: dispersed individual molecules and as spherical nanoparticles. The calculated thermodynamic and thermomechanical properties were consistent with experimental results.

A prospective, randomized, controlled study comparing two surgical procedures of decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury: Dural closure without dural closure.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is used to treat severe traumatic brain injury [TBI]. The present study compared dural open and closed surgical procedures for DC and their relationship with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (E) (GOS-E) scores and survival in prospective randomized controlled TBI patients. Patients aged 10-65 (36.

Pediatric Cervical Spine Injuries.

 Pediatric cervical spine injuries are rare and account for 1 to 2% of all pediatric spine injuries. There is a paucity of data on pediatric cervical spine injuries in developing countries like India. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze our 5 years of experience with pediatric cervical spine injuries.

Osteotomy in lateral sinus augmentation: A comparative study of rotary technique and Lateral Approach Sinus Kit.

Background: Various sinus lift techniques have been tried to minimize the rate of perforations, especially in Type I and Type II sinus membrane thickness.

Aims And Objectives: The aim and objectives of this study was to present our own experience compare and the efficacy of conventional direct sinus lift technique and direct sinus lift using LAS Kit.

Material And Methods: Our study included 14 patients in which seven patients in conventional technique and seven patients in Lateral Approach Sinus (LAS) Kit.

Migratory behaviour of Brown planthopper, (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in India as inferred from genetic diversity and reverse trajectory analysis.

Unlabelled: The brown planthopper, (Stål) is a major sucking insect pest of rice. This insect has long been considered as migratory; however, its route in India is still unknown. Hence, to find out its migration route genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of 16  populations from major rice growing regions of India was studied based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI).

Dynamic change in cortisol levels associated with severity, progression, and survival of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Background: Cortisol levels are elevated in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and gradually decrease during patient recovery. Thus, dynamic changes in cortisol levels may serve as a prognostic biomarker of TBI.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum cortisol levels and outcomes in TBI patients.

Synthesis of a Zirconium Complex of an ,-type --Butylcalix[4]arene and Its Application in Some Multicomponent Reactions.

The synthesis and characterization of a new octahedral Zr(IV) complex of oxygen-depleted ,-type calixarene ligand comprising two distal-functionalized pyrazole rings have been reported. The cone shape and structure of the prepared complex were confirmed univocally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR studies. The Zr metal lies at 2.

Anaplastic Intraventricular Meningioma with Rhabdoid Features: An Unusual Tumor with Usual Clinical Presentation.

Meningiomas are tumors arising from leptomeninges. Malignant counterpart of them is known as anaplastic meningioma which are WHO grade III tumors. Intraventricular location of these tumors is rare and is clinic-radiologically challenging.

Upregulation of Atypical Cadherin FAT1 Promotes an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment TGF-β.

FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) by promoting protumorigenic inflammatory cytokine expression in tumor cells. However, tumors also have an immunosuppressive microenvironment maintained by mediators such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines. Here, we have studied the role of FAT1 in tumor immune suppression.

Missile embolisation to the right common femoral artery following thoracic injury, without any conspicuous source of entry.

Unlabelled: Embolisation of a projectile metallic body in the arterial system is not an unusual entity and has been reported off and on, in literature. We report the successful treatment and survival of a patient with thoracic injury, with a metallic projectile embolisation to the right common femoral artery and acute limb ischemia. Curiously, there was no identifiable entry point, on multiple imaging.

Bioactive surface modifications through thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite composite coatings: a review of selective reinforcements.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an excellent replacement for the natural bone in orthopedic applications owing to its close resemblance to the bone properties; however, it is brittle and has low strength. Surface modification techniques have been able to allay such mineral issues by depositing on substrate. These methods, being economical, impart mechanical strength without compromising biocompatibility.

Natural protein-based electrospun nanofibers for advanced healthcare applications: progress and challenges.

Electrospinning is an electrostatic fiber fabrication technique that operates by the application of a strong electric field on polymer solution or melts. It is used to fabricate fibers whose size lies in the range of few microns to the nanometer range. Historic development of electrospinning has evinced attention due to its outstanding attributes such as small diameter, excellent pore inter-connectivity, high porosity, and high surface-to-volume ratio.

Complications Encountered with ETV in Infants with Congenital Hydrocephalus.

Background: Hydrocephalus is an abnormal excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cavity and spaces of the brain. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been an established treatment modality for congenital hydrocephalus. However, in very young infants, the results are challenging.

Morphological characterization and distribution of antennal sensilla of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using scanning electron microscopy.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest of various field and horticultural crops. A complete knowledge on the morphological features of antennal sensory structures is essential for efficient semiochemical-based control methods. The external structure and distribution of antennal sensilla in male and female adults of H.