Evaluation of Stress Among Undergraduate Students While Treating Pediatric Patients - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Dentistry, particularly pediatric dentistry, is highly stressful. Studies indicate that dental students experience significant stress during their training period. Our study aimed to evaluate the stress experienced by undergraduate students, and identify to aspects in which they become stressed, and design methods to overcome it.

Investigation of LE-LIBS feasibility for detection of H, He, and O in high vacuum using geological samples.

This work reports the investigation of low-energy, eye-safe laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LE-LIBS) feasibility for detection of gaseous elements significant to the planetary surface chemistry. A ns-pulsed laser emitting pulses of energy of 3 mJ at 1.54 μm wavelength is used to ablate soil pellet samples.

Diversified legume-oilseed cropping system for synergistic enhancement of yield and water use efficiency in rainfed areas of semi-arid tropics.

This study explores the development of diversified legume-oilseed cropping systems aimed at enhancing yield and water-use efficiency in rainfed areas of semi-arid tropics. Dryland agriculture, often limited by mono-cropping practices and erratic rainfall, necessitates innovative approaches for crop intensification and sustainability for the future. The integration of legumes and oilseeds into double cropping systems offers a viable solution for optimizing land use and improving productivity under precipitation-limited conditions.

Home-based educational interventions for children with asthma.

Background: Asthma is a chronic airway condition with a global prevalence of 262.4 million people. Asthma education is an essential component of management and includes provision of information on the disease process and self-management skills development such as trigger avoidance.

Emergent robust oscillatory dynamics in the interlocked feedback-feedforward loops.

One of the challenges that beset modelling complex biological networks is to relate networks to function to dynamics. A further challenge is deciphering the cellular function and dynamics that can change drastically when the network edge is tinkered with by adding or removing it. To illustrate this, the authors took a well-studied three-variable Goodwin oscillatory motif with only a negative feedback loop.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Liquid Biopsy Transforming Early Detection of Liver Metastases in Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Liver metastases from Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers present significant challenges in oncology, often signaling poor prognosis. Traditional detection methods like imaging and tissue biopsies have limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and tumor heterogeneity represen-tation. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, driven by advancements in ma-chine learning, algorithms, and data science, offers a promising frontier for early detection and management of liver metastases.

"Emerging clinical approaches in diabetic cardiomyopathy: insights from clinical trials and future directions".

Aim: We aim to explore the potential of diverse treatments, including perhexiline, calcium channel blockers, anti-hypertensives, PDE5 inhibitors, anti-anginal drugs, aldose reductase inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors, supported by clinical evidence. Additionally, this review seeks to identify novel therapeutic targets and future avenues for improving cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic populations.

Method: We performed a comprehensive literature review of English-language studies across multiple electronic databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on clinical trials.

Systematic review of mechanistic evidence for TiO nanoparticle-induced lung carcinogenicity.

Nano-sized titanium dioxide particles (TiO NPs) are a high-production volume nanomaterial widely used in the paints, cosmetics, food and photovoltaics industry. However, the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO NPs in the lung are still unclear despite the vast number of and studies investigating TiO NPs. Here, we systematically reviewed the existing and mechanistic evidence of TiO NP lung carcinogenicity using the ten key characteristics of carcinogens for identifying and classifying carcinogens.

Toxicological Effects of Inhaled Crude Oil Vapor.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to assess the toxicological consequences of crude oil vapor (COV) exposure in the workplace through evaluation of the most current epidemiologic and laboratory-based studies in the literature.

Recent Findings: Crude oil is a naturally occuring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits, inorganic and organic chemical compounds. Workers engaged in upstream processes of oil extraction are exposed to a number of risks and hazards, including getting crude oil on their skin or inhaling crude oil vapor.

Regulation of nuclear transcription by mitochondrial RNA in endothelial cells.

Chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) form a relatively poorly recognized layer of the epigenome. The caRNAs reported to date are transcribed from the nuclear genome. Here, leveraging a recently developed assay for detection of caRNAs and their genomic association, we report that mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) are attached to the nuclear genome and constitute a subset of caRNA, thus termed mt-caRNA.

Association between inpatient team continuity and clerkship student academic performance.

Objective: To determine the association between inpatient team continuity, defined as the maximum number of days the same student, resident, and attending worked together on the inpatient wards, and the academic performance of students in a pediatric block clerkship.

Methods: We retrospectively identified students who rotated in the pediatric clerkship at a single institution from 2020 to 2022. We used multiple linear regression models to adjust for multiple confounders and used a one-way analysis of variance to compare adjusted outcomes across quartiles of inpatient team continuity.

Xrs2/NBS1 promote end-bridging activity of the MRE11-RAD50 complex.

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) can be detrimental to the cell and need to be efficiently repaired. A first step in DSB repair is to bring the free ends in close proximity to enable ligation by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), while the more precise, but less available, repair by homologous recombination (HR) requires close proximity of a sister chromatid. The human MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX) in yeast, is involved in both repair pathways.

Neuron-astrocyte omnidirectional signaling in neurological health and disease.

Astrocytes are an abundantly distributed population of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform myriad functions in the normal and injured/diseased brain. Astrocytes exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes in response to various insults, a process known as astrocyte reactivity. The accuracy and precision of brain signaling are primarily based on interactions involving neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and dendritic cells within the CNS.

Audit of clinical follow-up and complications after acute pulmonary embolism in an Australian Metropolitan Health Service.

We explored post-pulmonary embolism (post-PE) follow-up at a large Australian regional city hospital health service. Over a 12-month period, we identified 195 (49% male) patients with a median age of 62 years. Post-PE follow-up was not organised for 23 patients and delayed for seven patients.

Single-night continuous positive airway pressure treatment improves blood fluid properties in individuals recently diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that causes repetitive, temporary collapses of the upper airways during sleep, resulting in intermittent hypoxaemia and sleep fragmentation. Given those with OSA also exhibit decreased blood fluidity, this clinical population is at heightened risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains a primary therapy in OSA, which improves sleep quality and limits sleep fragmentation.

Methods to Study RNA-Chromatin Interactions.

RNA plays a fundamental role in the organization of chromatin as well as the regulation of gene expression. Although the chromatin is pervasively attached by both coding and noncoding RNAs, the impact of these chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) on gene expression and cellular functions and their underlying mechanisms have just begun to be unraveled. One approach to understand the potential mechanism of gene regulation by caRNAs is to identify the caRNA-associated genomic regions.

Mast cell tolerance in the skin microenvironment to commensal bacteria is controlled by fibroblasts.

Activation and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) is an essential aspect of innate and adaptive immunity. Skin MCs, the most exposed to the external environment, are at risk of quickly degranulating with potentially severe consequences. Here, we define how MCs assume a tolerant phenotype via crosstalk with dermal fibroblasts (dFBs) and how this phenotype reduces unnecessary inflammation when in contact with beneficial commensal bacteria.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterised by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse, intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF), has been associated with carcinogenesis in pre-clinical models. The relationship between OSA and colorectal cancer (CRC) in clinical studies is controversial.

Aim: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between OSA and CRC.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants.

Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in the disruption of neuronal function leading to neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The entry of toxicants into the brain causes the subsequent activation of glial cells, a response known as 'reactive gliosis'. Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury.

GPCR Signaling Measurement and Drug Profiling with an Automated Live-Cell Microscopy System.

A major limitation of time-lapse microscopy combined with fluorescent biosensors, a powerful tool for quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling in single living cells, is low-experimental throughput. To overcome this limitation, we created a highly customizable, MATLAB-based platform: flexible automated liquid-handling combined microscope (FALCOscope) that coordinates an OpenTrons liquid handler and a fluorescence microscope to automate drug treatments, fluorescence imaging, and single-cell analysis. To test the feasibility of the FALCOscope, we quantified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-stimulated Protein Kinase A activity and cAMP responses to GPCR agonists and antagonists.

Long noncoding RNA LEENE promotes angiogenesis and ischemic recovery in diabetes models.

Impaired angiogenesis in diabetes is a key process contributing to ischemic diseases such as peripheral arterial disease. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those mediated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial links connecting diabetes and the related chronic tissue ischemia. Here we identify the lncRNA that enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (LEENE) as a regulator of angiogenesis and ischemic response.

A Unified Computational Framework for a Robust, Reliable, and Reproducible Identification of Novel miRNAs From the RNA Sequencing Data.

In eukaryotic cells, miRNAs regulate a plethora of cellular functionalities ranging from cellular metabolisms, and development to the regulation of biological networks and pathways, both under homeostatic and pathological states like cancer.Despite their immense importance as key regulators of cellular processes, accurate and reliable estimation of miRNAs using Next Generation Sequencing is challenging, largely due to the limited availability of robust computational tools/methods/pipelines. Here, we introduce miRPipe, an end-to-end computational framework for the identification, characterization, and expression estimation of small RNAs, including the known and novel miRNAs and previously annotated pi-RNAs from small-RNA sequencing profiles.

Effect of COVID-19 on Orthopaedic Trauma Admissions and Operating in a London District General Hospital.

 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented orthopaedic departments around the world with unprecedented challenges across all aspects of health care service delivery. This study explores the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on trauma admissions and trauma theater utilization at a London District General Hospital.  Data was collected retrospectively from electronic patient records for 4 weeks from the initiation of two lockdown periods beginning March 16, 2020 and December 23, 2020.

New lung cancer diagnosis after emergency department presentation in a tertiary hospital: patient characteristics and outcomes.

Objectives: Currently, there are limited data available about patients who are diagnosed with lung cancer following an emergency department (ED) visit. This study sought to define the demographics, symptoms profile, staging, and prognosis of this cohort of patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with a primary lung malignancy at a lung cancer multidisciplinary meeting between January 2018 and January 2020.