Riga-Fede disease: a mimicker of malignancy.

Riga-Fede disease (RFD), also known as traumatic eosinophilic granuloma, is a benign inflammatory condition of the oral cavity that may mimic a malignant tumour. It's a rare condition mainly reported in infants. We present a unique case report of a 57-year-old man who presented to our outpatient department with foreign body sensation in the throat and swelling over the dorsum of the tongue for a period of 1 month.

A System-of-Systems Bio-Inspired Design Process: Conceptual Design and Physical Prototype of a Reconfigurable Robot Capable of Multi-Modal Locomotion.

Modern engineering problems require solutions with multiple functionalities in order to meet their practical needs to handle a variety of applications in different scenarios. Conventional design paradigms for single design purpose may not be able to satisfy this requirement efficiently. This paper proposes a novel system-of-systems bio-inspired design method framed in a solution-driven bio-inspired design paradigm.

Impact of Abbreviated Filgrastim Schedule on Survival and Hematopoietic Recovery after Irradiation in Four Mouse Strains with Different Radiosensitivity.

Filgrastim (Neupogen, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is among the few countermeasures recommended for management of patients in the event of lethal total-body irradiation. Despite the plethora of studies using filgrastim as a radiation countermeasure, relatively little is known about the optimal dose schedule of filgrastim to mitigate radiation lethality. We evaluated the efficacy of filgrastim in improving 30-day survival of CD2F1 mice irradiated with a lethal dose (LD) in the AFRRI cobalt-60 facility.

Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 9 (Simian Varicella Virus) Infection after Total-Body Irradiation in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta).

This case report describes a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta; male; age, 5 y; weight, 6.7 kg) with anorexia, dehydration, lethargy, ataxia, and generalized skin rashes that occurred 30 d after total-body irradiation at 6.5 Gy ((60)Co γ-rays).

Circulating interleukin-18 as a biomarker of total-body radiation exposure in mice, minipigs, and nonhuman primates (NHP).

We aim to develop a rapid, easy-to-use, inexpensive and accurate radiation dose-assessment assay that tests easily obtained samples (e.g., blood) to triage and track radiological casualties, and to evaluate the radioprotective and therapeutic effects of radiation countermeasures.

Preliminary nonclinical toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALXN4100TPO, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in CD2F1 mice.

ALXN4100TPO, a thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist, increases platelets, abrogates radiation-induced thrombocytopenia and affords significant survival benefit to lethally irradiated mice. This preliminary nonclinical safety study assessed effects of a single subcutaneous (sc) administration of ALXN4100TPO in CD2F1 mice randomized into naïve, control antibody (ALXN4200, 100 mg/kg), low (1 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg), or high (100 mg/kg) ALXN4100TPO doses. End points included clinical observations, body weight changes, hematology, histopathology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics by measuring platelet counts, and endogenous TPO (eTPO) levels.

Implantable radio frequency identification sensors: wireless power and communication.

There are significant technical challenges in the development of a fully implantable wirelessly powered neural interface. Challenges include wireless transmission of sufficient power to the implanted device to ensure reliable operation for decades without replacement, minimizing tissue heating, and adequate reliable communications bandwidth. Overcoming these challenges is essential for the development of implantable closed loop system for the treatment of disorders ranging from epilepsy, incontinence, stroke and spinal cord injury.

A TPO receptor agonist, ALXN4100TPO, mitigates radiation-induced lethality and stimulates hematopoiesis in CD2F1 mice.

Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists lacking sequence homology to TPO were designed by grafting a known peptide sequence into the hinge and/or kappa constant regions of a human anti-anthrax antibody. Some of these proteins were equipotent to TPO in stimulating cMpl-r activity in vitro and in increasing platelet levels in vivo. ALXN4100TPO (4100TPO), the best agonist in this series with a K(d) of 30 nM for cMpl-r, exhibited potent activity as a radiation countermeasure in CD2F1 mice exposed to lethal total-body radiation from a cobalt-60 γ-ray source.

Hematopoietic Recovery and Amelioration of Radiation-Induced Lethality by the Vitamin E Isoform δ-Tocotrienol.

δ-Tocotrienol (DT3), a vitamin E isoform, is associated with strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. We confirmed the potent antioxidant activity in membrane systems and showed that DT3 is an effective radiation protector and mitigator. DT3 (4 μM, P < 0.

Delta-tocotrienol protects mouse and human hematopoietic progenitors from gamma-irradiation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.

Background: Exposure to γ-radiation causes rapid hematopoietic cell apoptosis and bone marrow suppression. However, there are no approved radiation countermeasures for the acute radiation syndrome. In this study, we demonstrated that natural δ-tocotrienol, one of the isomers of vitamin E, significantly enhanced survival in total body lethally irradiated mice.

Evaluation of EUK-189, a synthetic superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic as a radiation countermeasure.

EUK-189, a salen-manganese complex and superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, was administered subcutaneously (sc; 30 or 70 mg/kg) to mice at - 24, - 1, +1, or +6 h relative to whole-body cobalt-60 gamma irradiation (LD(90/30) dose), and survival was monitored for 30 days. Cell counts and cytokines in circulation were measured in sublethally irradiated mice treated with EUK-189. EUK-189 (70 mg/kg, - 24 h) enhanced 30-day survival with a dose reduction factor (DRF) of 1.

Radioprotection by N-palmitoylated nonapeptide of human interleukin-1beta.

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a cytokine involved in homeostatic processes of the immune system and specifically in inflammatory reactions. The nonapeptide of human IL-1beta (VQGEESNDK, position 163-171) has been shown to retain adjuvant and immunostimulatory activities of the native molecule without any inflammatory and pyrogenic properties. A lipophilic derivative of IL-1beta nonapeptide having a palmitoyl residue at the amino terminus was synthesized in order to determine the effects of such structural modification on its bioactivities.

Oral delivery of spray dried PLGA/amifostine nanoparticles.

Amifostine (Ethyol, WR-2721) is a cytoprotective drug approved by the US Food & Drug Administration for intravenous administration in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy and certain forms of chemotherapy. The primary objective of this project was to develop orally active amifostine nanoparticles using spray drying technique. Two different nanoparticle formulations (Amifostine-PLGA (0.

Genistein treatment protects mice from ionizing radiation injury.

The radioprotective and behavioral effects of an acute administration of the isoflavone genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) were investigated in adult CD2F1 male mice. Mice were administered a single subcutaneous (s.c.

New strategies for the prevention of radiation injury: possible implications for countering radiation hazards of long-term space travel.

New strategies for the prevention of radiation injuries are currently being explored with the ultimate aim of developing globally radioprotective, nontoxic pharmacologics. The prophylactic treatments under review encompass such diverse pharmacologic classes as novel immunomodulators, nutritional antioxidants, and cytokines. An immunomodulator that shows promise is 5-androstenediol (AED), a well-tolerated, long-acting androstene steroid with broad-spectrum radioprotective attributes that include not only protection against acute tissue injury, but also reduced susceptibility to infectious agents, as well as reduced rates of neoplastic transformation.

Determination of WR-1065 and WR-33278 by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

A liquid chromatographic method using electrochemical detection is presented for measuring the thiol WR-1065 12-(3-aminopropylamino) ethanethiol] and its symmetrical disulfide WR-33278 [NH2(CH2)3NHCH2CH2S]2. WR- 1065 is the active, radioprotective drug derived from the phosphorothioate pro-drug WR-2721 (amifostine). External standard curves for both compounds were linear over the range of 40-200 pmol injected (r2 = 0.

Protection against gamma-irradiation with 5-androstenediol.

We showed previously that treatment of gamma-irradiated female B6D2F1 mice with 5-androstenediol (AED) enhanced survival, stimulated myelopoiesis, and ameliorated radiation-induced decreases in circulating neutrophils and platelets. We have now tested survival in male CD2F1 mice, and we have investigated molecular and functional effects on neutrophils and bone marrow stromal cells and screened for toxicity in female B6D2F1 mice. AED (160 mg/kg, subcutaneously, 24 hours before irradiation) enhanced survival in male CD2F1 mice with a dose-reduction factor of 1.

Nutritional approaches to radioprotection: vitamin E.

Low-level radiation injury is dependent on the radiation dose and dose rate. The major military use of any potential radioprotectant is to prevent the short-term effects of lethality and the long-term effects of cancer and other pathologies from radiation exposure that may occur in a nuclear battlefield or in a nuclear material contaminated field of operation. Therefore, a radioprotectant should not affect the ability of military personnel to perform tasks.