Genetic alteration of mRNA editing enzyme APOBEC3B in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis.

Research Question: What are the specific genetic alterations and associated network in endometriotic cells responsible for the disease pathogenesis?

Design: Case control experimental study involving 45 women with endometriosis who underwent laparoscopic surgery (case) and 45 normal samples from women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy (control). The endometrial samples were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) of endometriotic tissue and copy number variation analysis. Validation of gene hits were obtained from WES using polymerase chain reaction techniques, immunological techniques, in-silico tools and transgenic cell line models.

Heat stress and adverse pregnancy outcome: Prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the relationship between occupational heat exposure, physiological heat strain indicators and adverse outcomes in pregnant women.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Setting: Workplaces in Tamil Nadu, India.

Kinetic interpretation of the classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instabilities are prevalent in many physical regimes ranging from astrophysical to laboratory plasmas and have primarily been studied using fluid models, the majority of which have been ideal fluid models. This work presents a five-dimensional (two spatial dimensions, three velocity space dimensions) simulation using the continuum-kinetic model to study the effect of the collisional mean free path and transport on the instability growth. The continuum-kinetic model provides noise-free access to the full particle distribution function permitting a detailed investigation of the role of kinetic physics in hydrodynamic phenomena such as the RT instability.

Bohm Criterion of Plasma Sheaths away from Asymptotic Limits.

The plasma exit flow speed at the sheath entrance is constrained by the Bohm criterion. The so-called Bohm speed regulates the plasma particle and power exhaust fluxes to the wall, and it is commonly deployed as a boundary condition to exclude the sheath region in quasineutral plasma modeling. Here the Bohm criterion analysis is performed in the intermediate plasma regime away from the previously known limiting cases of adiabatic laws and the asymptotic limit of infinitesimal Debye length in a finite-size system, using the transport equations of an anisotropic plasma.

Molecular dysregulations underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a crippling disease characterized by the presence of endometrium-like tissue or scar outside the uterine cavity, commonly confined to the peritoneal and serosal surfaces of the pelvic organs. 10-15% of women in reproductive age are estimated to be affected by endometriosis. Most of these patients present with infertility and suffer from pelvic pain.

CDCP1 enhances Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer promoting nuclear localization of β-catenin and E-cadherin.

Elevated CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is predictive of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and poor patient survival. While CDCP1 expression identifies stem cell populations that mediate lung metastasis, mechanisms underlying the role of this cell surface receptor in CRC have not been defined. We sought to identify CDCP1 regulated processes in CRC using stem cell populations, enriched from primary cells and cell lines, in extensive in vitro and in vivo assays.

Pericellular regulation of prostate cancer expressed kallikrein-related peptidases and matrix metalloproteinases by cell surface serine proteases.

We provide evidence of a pericellular network of proteases that are elevated and co-expressed in prostate cancer. The network involves the membrane bound serine proteases hepsin and TMPRSS2, the secreted kallikrein-related peptidases KLK4 and KLK14, and the secreted matrix metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-9. Western blot analysis of cell lysates, conditioned cell culture media, immunoprecipitates and cell surface proteins, demonstrates a network of interactions centred largely at the plasma membrane, with the Arg/Lys specific proteases hepsin and TMPRSS2 key regulators of the network.

CD169(+) macrophages mediate pathological formation of woven bone in skeletal lesions of prostate cancer.

Skeletal metastases present a major clinical challenge for prostate cancer patient care, inflicting distinctive mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions that cause morbidity and refractory skeletal complications. Macrophages are abundant in bone and bone marrow and can influence both osteoblast and osteoclast function in physiology and pathology. Herein, we examined the role of macrophages in prostate cancer bone lesions, particularly the osteoblastic response.

Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma Is Strongly Correlated With Fumarate Hydratase Mutation and Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are difficult to diagnose prospectively. We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient tumors (defined as FH negative, 2-succinocysteine [2SC] positive) in cases diagnosed as "unclassified RCC, high grade or with papillary pattern," or "papillary RCC type 2," from multiple institutions. A total of 124 tumors (from 118 patients) were evaluated by IHC for FH and 2SC.

Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Uterine Leiomyomas Occur in Both the Syndromic and Sporadic Settings.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome secondary to germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation presents with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and a distinctive aggressive renal carcinoma. Identification of HLRCC patients presenting first with uterine leiomyomas may allow early intervention for renal carcinoma. We reviewed the morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings in patients with uterine leiomyomas and confirmed or presumed HLRCC.

Cancer stem cell markers in prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study of ALDH1, SOX2 and EZH2.

The aims of this study were to investigate the immunohistochemical expression and potential prognostic significance of putative cancer stems cell markers ALDH1, EZH2 and SOX2 in prostate cancer.A total of 142 consecutive radical prostatectomies submitted to one laboratory with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved and retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemistry for the three markers was performed in each case and both univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to evaluate the correlation between the staining patterns and known histopathological prognostic features.

Tattoo pigment in axillary lymph node mimicking calcification of breast cancer.

A tattoo is defined as the intentional or accidental deposit of pigment into the skin. The phenomenon of skin tattooing is on the rise worldwide and complications of tattooing are increasingly being recognised in diagnostic and clinical medicine. We describe a case of calcification-like changes on mammography resembling that of breast malignancy as a result of tattoo pigment deposition in an axillary lymph node.

Magnetic field generation in Rayleigh-Taylor unstable inertial confinement fusion plasmas.

Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (RTI) in inertial confinement fusion implosions are expected to generate magnetic fields. A Hall-MHD model is used to study the field generation by 2D single-mode and multimode RTI in a stratified two-fluid plasma. Self-generated magnetic fields are predicted and these fields grow as the RTI progresses via the ∇n(e)×∇T(e) term in the generalized Ohm's law.

Hodgkin's lymphoma: immunohistochemical features and its association with EBV LMP-1. Experience from a South Indian hospital.

Aims: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is known to aid in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). We studied HL using an antibody panel for Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs) to find which antibody would be most useful for identification of RSCs. We also studied the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) with HL in South India.