Fumarate Hydratase-deficient Uterine Leiomyomas Occur in Both the Syndromic and Sporadic Settings.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome secondary to germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation presents with cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and a distinctive aggressive renal carcinoma. Identification of HLRCC patients presenting first with uterine leiomyomas may allow early intervention for renal carcinoma. We reviewed the morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings in patients with uterine leiomyomas and confirmed or presumed HLRCC.

Treatment Modalities and Clinical Outcomes in Ocular Sequelae of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Over 25 Years--A Paradigm Shift.

Purpose: To highlight and compare the outcomes of management for the ocular sequelae of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) over 25 years in a tertiary eye care institute.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 798 eyes of 399 patients with SJS evaluated between January 1990 and December 2004 (group I) and of 847 eyes of 517 patients between January 2005 and December 2014 (group II) was done. The primary and secondary outcome measures were a change in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and an improvement in the symptoms and the ocular surface status, respectively.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis--A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. I. Systemic Disease.

The intent of this review is to comprehensively appraise the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with particular attention to the ocular surface complications and their management. SJS and TEN represent two ends of a spectrum of immune-mediated, dermatobullous disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. The widespread keratinocyte death seen in SJS/TEN is rapid and irreversible, and even with early and aggressive intervention, morbidity is severe and mortality not uncommon.

Cancer stem cell markers in prostate cancer: an immunohistochemical study of ALDH1, SOX2 and EZH2.

The aims of this study were to investigate the immunohistochemical expression and potential prognostic significance of putative cancer stems cell markers ALDH1, EZH2 and SOX2 in prostate cancer.A total of 142 consecutive radical prostatectomies submitted to one laboratory with a diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2012 were retrieved and retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemistry for the three markers was performed in each case and both univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to evaluate the correlation between the staining patterns and known histopathological prognostic features.

Optimizing Multiple Analyte Injections in Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors with Analytes having Different Refractive Index Increments.

Surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been successfully applied to the study of the interactions between macromolecules and small molecular weight compounds. In an effort to increase the throughput of these SPR-based experiments, we have already proposed to inject multiple compounds simultaneously over the same surface. When specifically applied to small molecular weight compounds, such a strategy would however require prior knowledge of the refractive index increment of each compound in order to correctly interpret the recorded signal.

Synthesis and Substrate Evaluation of (E)-5-[(3-Selenophene-2-Carboxamido)Prop-1-en-1-yl]-Uridine-5'-O-Triphosphate for RNA Polymerase.

Design, synthesis and T7 RNA polymerase substrate evaluation of (E)-5-[(3-selenophene-2-carboxamido)prop-1-en-1-yl]-uridine-5'-O-triphosphate is reported. The title compound is shown to be a good substrate for RNA polymerase by RNA labeling through in vitro transcription. pTRI-plasmid DNA with β-actin gene sequence (∼300 base pairs) with T7 promoter was used as a template for the in vitro transcription.

Ligand binding studies, preliminary structure-activity relationship and detailed mechanistic characterization of 1-phenyl-6,6-dimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine derivatives as inhibitors of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase.

Gram-negative bacteria are implicated in the causation of life-threatening hospital-acquired infections. They acquire rapid resistance to multiple drugs and available antibiotics. Hence, there is the need to discover new antibacterial agents with novel scaffolds.

VITREORETINAL COMPLICATIONS IN EYES WITH BOSTON KERATOPROSTHESIS TYPE I.

Purpose: To describe the spectrum of vitreoretinal complications in eyes with Boston keratoprosthesis type I and evaluate the treatment outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series of 23 of 45 eyes that underwent Boston keratoprosthesis from April 2003 to December 2013 and developed vitreoretinal complications. Types of vitreoretinal complications, surgical techniques, and anatomical and visual outcomes were analyzed.

Extracellular 4'-phosphopantetheine is a source for intracellular coenzyme A synthesis.

The metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) gained renewed attention because of its roles in neurodegeneration, protein acetylation, autophagy and signal transduction. The long-standing dogma is that eukaryotic cells obtain CoA exclusively via the uptake of extracellular precursors, especially vitamin B5, which is intracellularly converted through five conserved enzymatic reactions into CoA. This study demonstrates an alternative mechanism that allows cells and organisms to adjust intracellular CoA levels by using exogenous CoA.

Synthesis of 1-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl)Thymine-6'-O-Triphosphate - A Potential Probe to Generate Reactive Dialdehyde for DNA-Enzyme Cross-Linking.

Concise, facile, and efficient synthesis of 1-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)thymine-6'-O-triphosphate, a potential probe that can generate reactive dialdehyde for DNA-enzyme cross-linking applications, was described starting from O,O'-bis(trimethylsilyl)thymine. Stannic chloride promoted glycosylation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranose with O,O'-bis(trimethylsilyl)thymine, resulting in the formation of 1-(2,3,4,6-O-tetraacetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)thymine in 91% yield. Acetyl deprotection using methanolic ammonia afforded 1-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)thymine in 98% yield.

PoLi: A Virtual Screening Pipeline Based on Template Pocket and Ligand Similarity.

Often in pharmaceutical research the goal is to identify small molecules that can interact with and appropriately modify the biological behavior of a new protein target. Unfortunately, most proteins lack both known structures and small molecule binders, prerequisites of many virtual screening, VS, approaches. For such proteins, ligand homology modeling, LHM, that copies ligands from homologous and perhaps evolutionarily distant template proteins, has been shown to be a powerful VS approach to identify possible binding ligands.

Large lamellar corneoscleral grafts: tectonic role in initial management of severe ocular chemical injuries.

Purpose: To report the outcome of large tectonic lamellar grafts in cases of severe chemical injury associated with corneal melt/perforation and scleral ischemia, with or without retinal detachment.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional analysis of 7 eyes of 6 patients within 3 months of injury with simultaneous/subsequent surgical procedures to salvage globe integrity.

Results: Of 7 included eyes, both eyes of one patient underwent phthisical changes.

Usefulness of recombinant γ-gliadin 1 for identifying patients with celiac disease and monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by an immunologic hypersensitivity reaction to dietary wheat gluten.

Objectives: We sought to clone, express, and perform IgA epitope mapping of a CD-specific wheat antigen and to study its usefulness for identifying patients with CD and monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Methods: A synthetic gene coding for γ-gliadin 1 (GG1) was expressed in Escherichia coli.

Comparison of the effectiveness of lidocaine in permanent maxillary teeth removal performed with single buccal infiltration versus routine buccal and palatal injection.

Purpose: For many dental patients, palatal injection proves to be a very traumatic experience. Diverse methods have been suggested to reduce the discomfort of palatal injection. Nevertheless, the reliability of these methods is not obviously evident and they are not found to be universally effective.

Selective transformations between nanoparticle superlattices via the reprogramming of DNA-mediated interactions.

The rapid development of self-assembly approaches has enabled the creation of materials with desired organization of nanoscale components. However, achieving dynamic control, wherein the system can be transformed on demand into multiple entirely different states, is typically absent in atomic and molecular systems and has remained elusive in designed nanoparticle systems. Here, we demonstrate with in situ small-angle X-ray scattering that, by using DNA strands as inputs, the structure of a three-dimensional lattice of DNA-coated nanoparticles can be switched from an initial 'mother' phase into one of multiple 'daughter' phases.

Bone augmentation of the osteo-odonto alveolar lamina in MOOKP--will it delay laminar resorption?

Purpose: We aimed to describe a new technique and analyse the early outcomes of augmenting the canine tooth using a mandibular bone graft in an attempt to delay or retard the process of laminar resorption following the modified osteo odonto keratoprosthesis (MOOKP) procedure.

Design: This was a retrospective case series.

Patients And Methods: Eyes that underwent the bone augmentation procedure between December 2012 and February 2014 were retrospectively analysed.

CD8+ T Cell Fate and Function Influenced by Antigen-Specific Virus-Like Nanoparticles Co-Expressing Membrane Tethered IL-2.

A variety of adjuvants fostering humoral immunity are known as of today. However, there is a lack of adjuvants or adjuvant strategies, which directly target T cellular effector functions and memory. We here determined whether systemically toxic cytokines such as IL-2 can be restricted to the site of antigen presentation and used as 'natural adjuvants'.

Protein Induces Layer-by-Layer Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Here, we report a general and facile method for effective layer-by-layer exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphite in water by using protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) to produce single-layer nanosheets, which cannot be achieved using other commonly used bio- and synthetic polymers. Besides serving as an effective exfoliating agent, BSA can also function as a strong stabilizing agent against reaggregation of single-layer nanosheets for greatly improving their biocompatibility in biomedical applications. With significantly increased surface area, single-layer MoS2 nanosheets also exhibit a much higher binding capacity to pesticides and a much larger specific capacitance.

Development and Applications of Portable Biosensors.

The significance of microfluidics-based and microelectromechanical systems-based biosensors has been widely acknowledged, and many reviews have explored their potential applications in clinical diagnostics, personalized medicine, global health, drug discovery, food safety, and forensics. Because health care costs are increasing, there is an increasing need to remotely monitor the health condition of patients by point-of-care-testing. The demand for biosensors for detection of biological warfare agents has increased, and research is focused on ways of producing small portable devices that would allow fast, accurate, and on-site detection.

High aspect ratio 10-nm-scale nanoaperture arrays with template-guided metal dewetting.

We introduce an approach to fabricate ordered arrays of 10-nm-scale silica-filled apertures in a metal film without etching or liftoff. Using low temperature (<400°C) thermal dewetting of metal films guided by nano-patterned templates, apertures with aspect ratios up to 5:1 are demonstrated. Apertures form spontaneously during the thermal process without need for further processing.

Stoichiometric control of DNA-grafted colloid self-assembly.

There has been considerable interest in understanding the self-assembly of DNA-grafted nanoparticles into different crystal structures, e.g., CsCl, AlB2, and Cr3Si.

Dynamic interrogator for elastic wave sensing using Fabry Perot filters based on fiber Bragg gratings.

Use of in-fiber Fabry-Perot (FP) filters based on fiber Bragg gratings as both sensor as well as an interrogator for enhancing the detection limit of elastic wave sensing is investigated in this paper. The sensitivity of such a demodulation scheme depends on the spectral discrimination of the sensor and interrogator gratings. Simulations have shown that the use of in-fiber FP filters with high finesse provide better performance in terms of sensitivity compared to the demodulation using fiber Bragg gratings.

Fluorous-assisted synthesis of (E)-5-[3-aminoallyl]-uridine-5'-O-triphosphate.

An efficient, reliable method for the chemical synthesis of (E)-5-[3-aminoallyl]-uridine-5'-O-triphosphate (AA-UTP), starting from 5-iodouridine, is described. This new strategy features the involvement of one-pot triphosphate formation and fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE). The one-pot synthesis involves the mono phosphorylation of fluorous-tagged uridine, followed by the reaction with pyrophosphate to afford the fluorous-tagged AA-UTP.

The diagnostic dilemma of a parasympathetic schwannoma in the submandibular gland.

Schwannomas are benign soft tissue tumours that arise from nerve sheath cells. They are rare in the salivary glands and are thought to arise from the parasympathetic nerves. We report the case of a 69-year-old man who presented with a painless right submandibular mass that appeared to resemble a pleomorphic adenoma on ultrasonography and, on this basis, proceeded to surgical excision of the gland.

Insights into the slow-onset tight-binding inhibition of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase: detailed mechanistic characterization of pyrrolo [3,2-f] quinazoline-1,3-diamine and its derivatives as novel tight-binding inhibitors.

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a pivotal enzyme involved in the de novo pathway of purine synthesis, and hence, represents an attractive target to disrupt systems that require rapid DNA turnover. The enzyme acquires resistance to available drugs by various molecular mechanisms, which necessitates the continuous discovery of novel antifolates. Previously, we identified a set of novel molecules that showed binding to E.