Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of surface waters of a tropical brackish water lake in South Asia.

Brackish lake systems and estuaries are unique aquatic systems that support diversified life forms and strongly influence a region's economy. Major chemical water quality parameters of India's second-largest brackish water lake, Pulicat were assessed. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, suspended solid concentrates, total dissolved solids, salinity, nitrogenous nutrients, phosphate, silicate, and chlorophyll a were analysed.

Microplastic contamination in edible sea salt from the largest salt-producing states of India.

The presence of microplastics in all ecological and environmental conditions has been identified as a global problem. This article aimed to study edible salt-associated microplastics from the major salt-producing states of India. The crystal and powder salt from Tamil Nadu and Gujarat (five samples of powder salt and three samples of crystal salt from each state) were collected and analyzed for their microplastic content.

Spatial distribution of microplastic concentration around landfill sites and its potential risk on groundwater.

Plastic plays a major role in today's human life; moreover, it becomes a part of our life, yet it is a most challenging threat for the freshwater ecosystems in the future. The present study identifies, characterizes, and quantifies the microplastics in groundwater samples around Perungudi and Kodungaiyur municipal solid waste dumpsites in South India. To evaluate and assess the microplastic abundance, characteristics (composite, size, colour, shape, and surface morphology), detection methods of plastic particles, and potential risk factors from the absorption of microplastic in groundwater.

Microplastics as an emerging threat to the freshwater ecosystems of Veeranam lake in south India: A multidimensional approach.

In the current scenario, microplastic, as a contaminant, is becoming an ecological threat to the freshwater ecosystem. The present study attempted to determine the quality and quantity of microplastic contaminants in water and soil samples at Veeranam lake in Tamil Nadu, India. It is very important to mention that the Veeranam lake in Tamil Nadu, is a major urban water source of the capital district of Tamil Nadu.

Assessment of plastic debris in remote islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India.

An attempt was made in during August 2018 to study the plastic debris present in beach sediments at the remote islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. The maximum number of plastic debris was noticed in the North and Middle Andaman Island sector and the Nicobar Island sector. White, irregular shaped polyethylene and polypropylene debris were the predominant plastic varieties found in the study area.

Macrodebris and microplastic distribution in the beaches of Rameswaram Coral Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India: A first report.

This is the first study on the distribution and characteristics of plastic debris found in the sediments of Rameswaram Island, Gulf of Mannar, India. Studies on the distribution of plastics and microplastic content in highly populated coral islands and their impact on the coral ecosystem are very scarce. For this purpose, marine sediment samples were collected from 20 locations along the coastal areas of the study region.

Solitary Presentation but Multiple Etiologies in Foot: A Case Series.

Introduction: The swellings of foot are common but the lesions of metatarsals are rare. The purpose is to highlight these four cases which had almost common presentations but had different etiologies.

Case Report: A series of four cases all of which had similar presentation, but different etiologies.

Elemental concentration based potential ecological risk (PER) status of the surface sediments, Pulicat lagoon, Southeast coast of India.

Eighty-three surface sediments were collected to investigate the element concentration based sediment pollution and potential ecological risk status of the Pulicat lagoon, southeast coast of India. The textural characteristics, Fe and Mn concentration in the surface sediments are chiefly controlled by the confluence of riverine inputs and vicinity of the marine environment. The varied distribution of CaCO concentration is due to the depth of the lagoon followed by the sand and silty sand characteristics of the substratum.

Tuberculosis of knee joint mimicking giant cell tumor - A case report.

A 50-year-old woman presented with pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion of right knee joint since one year. Radiograph of knee joint revealed eccentric, expansile, geographic lytic lesion on the medial epiphyseal region of tibia mimicking giant cell tumor (GCT). She underwent minimally invasive biopsy, which was positive for acid-fast bacilli and revealed necrotizing chronic granulomatous lesion, diagnostic of tuberculosis (TB).

Distribution of Major and trace elements in Koppunuru area, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

From koppunuru study area totally 58 samples were collected in 7 different boreholes, minimum depth of 28 m and Maximum depth of 157.7 m. The borehole samples geochemical analysis (major and trace elements) was carried out at Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration & Research (AMD), Hyderabad, India.

A preliminary study on coastal debris in Nallathanni Island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Southeast coast of India.

Nine sampling stations were fixed to carry out the preliminary investigation on coastal debris from Nallathanni island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Southeast coast of India. The coastal debris were separated and identified using hand picking, visual identification and microscopic studies. The coastal areas of the study region were less dominated by micro plastic contamination.

Green tea polyphenol protection against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced bone marrow lipid peroxidation and genotoxicity in Wistar rats.

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) a potent oral carcinogen, widely used for induction of oral carcinogenesis, has been found to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. Green tea contains a high content of polyphenols, which are potent antioxidants. Thus green tea polyphenols (GTP) might be expected play a protective role against 4-NQO induced lipid peroxidation and bone marrow toxicity.

Metal enrichment in beach sediments from Chennai Metropolis, SE coast of India.

A survey on the Partially Extracted Trace Metals (PETMs) concentration (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd) in beach sediments is reported for the first time from 57 different locations in Chennai Metropolitan City of Southeast coast of India. The concentration of PETMs suggests that they are mainly concentrated with organic matter in the crowded part of the industrial regions in the beaches from the northern part rather than the tourist beaches in the southern part of the city. The comparison on enrichment of trace metals indicates higher values of Pb, Ni in the beaches than lowest effect level (LEL) and effects range low (ERL) than the tourist beaches.

Metal concentrations in water and sediments from tourist beaches of Acapulco, Mexico.

A survey on the metal concentrations (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn) in beach water and sediments is reported from the tourist destination of Acapulco city on the Pacific coast of Mexico. The concentration of dissolved trace metals (DTMs) in beach water and acid leachable trace metals (ALTMs) in sediments indicated that they are anthropogenic in nature due to the increased tourist activities in the crowded beach locations. The statistical analysis indicates Fe and Mn play a major role as metal scavengers in both the medium (water and sediment) and the higher value of other metals is site specific in the study area, indicating that they are transported from the local area.

Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of Cobb angle measurement: endplate versus pedicle as bony landmarks for measurement: a statistical analysis.

Background: The Cobb-Lippman technique measures the curve severity by measuring the angle between the upper and lower endplates of the upper-end and lower-end vertebrae, respectively, using pedicles to measure the angle when they are better visualized than the endplates. Vertebral endplates in younger children provide less distinct bony landmarks and pedicles may be more easily identifiable in these children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the pedicle method of the Cobb angle measurement and compare it with the conventional endplate method of measurement.

Accumulation of total trace metals due to rapid urbanization in microtidal zone of Pallikaranai marsh, South of Chennai, India.

The article presents the results for enrichment of total trace metals (TTMs) from Pallikaranai salt marsh in South Chennai, a metropolis on the southeast coast of India. TTMs Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sr, V, and Hg along with sediment texture, OC, and CaCO3 were analyzed in 36 surface sediments collected during August 2008 to recognize and observe the input of TTMs in the marsh from various sources in the city limits. In view of the rapid urbanization and industrialization in Chennai City, especially on the southern side, uncontrolled input of sewage, garbage, and industrial effluents into the Pallikaranai marsh land, the elevated concentrations are not surprising.

Grade 4 spondylolisthesis of the L5 vertebra associated with dural ectasia in neurofibromatosis.

Spondylolisthesis associated with neurofibromatosis is rare, and only 12 cases have been reported so far. However, only one report of grade 4 spondylolisthesis with neurofibromatosis has been reported in the literature. A 15-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis was admitted for back pain and neurological claudication.

Pedicle screw-only constructs with lumbar or pelvic fixation for spinal stabilization in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Study Design: Retrospective case study.

Objective: We present a retrospective clinical study of 36 patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treated for correction of scoliosis with pedicle screw-only constructs with the objective to analyze our technique, correction and maintenance of spinal and pelvic deformity, spinal fusion, the complications we encountered, and the adequacy of lumbar fixation.

Summary Of Background Data: Pedicle screw constructs have shown better deformity correction and maintenance as compared with other methods of instrumentation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Surgical correction and fusion using posterior-only pedicle screw construct for neuropathic scoliosis in patients with cerebral palsy: a three-year follow-up study.

Study Design: It is a retrospective study of 52 neuromuscular scoliosis patients with cerebral palsy (CP).

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and amount of correction using posterior-only pedicle screw construct.

Summary Of Background Data: Although there have been many reports in literature supporting the use of pedicle screw-only constructs for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, similar studies have not been reported in patients with CP.

Sacral Ewing's Sarcoma and Challenges in it's Diagnosis on MRI.

A 15-yr old boy presented with low backache for 4 months associated with weakness of left lower limb. MRI of lumbosacral spine showed a sacral lesion with intraspinal and presacral soft tissue extension with neural compression. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was considered in the view of high prevalence in this part of the world, however biopsy revealed Ewing's sarcoma.

Cobb angle measurement of scoliosis using computer measurement of digitally acquired radiographs-intraobserver and interobserver variability.

Study Design: We evaluated computer assisted digital measurement of radiographic parameters in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: To assess the reliability of digital measurements.

Overview Of Literature: Various authors analyzed scoliotic deformities by conventional radiographs, but very few studies have addressed the reliability of digital radiographic measurement using computer software.

Comparison of Apical Axial Derotation between Adolescent Idiopathic and Neuromuscular Scoliosis with Pedicle Screw Instrumentation.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of apical derotation with pedicle screws in idiopathic and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS).

Overview Of Literature: No information about apical derotation in NMS with pedicle screws is available.

Observer reliability between juvenile and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in measurement of stable Cobb's angle.

It is a measurement of Cobb's angles between adolescent (AIS) and juvenile (JIS) idiopathic scoliosis who had stable curves (variation <5 degrees) in more than three visits. Main objective of this paper is to measure inter- and intra-observer reliability of measurements between AIS and JIS who had stable curves in regular follow-up. Twenty-nine JIS and 44 AIS patients who had stable curves without bracing were identified using PACS system.

Hip and knee dislocation during femoral lengthening in congenital short femur: a rare case report.

Congenital short femur is a rare and complex deformity that is often associated with other anomalies. There are few reports of either hip or knee dislocations during femoral lengthening in congenital short femur predisposed by associated anomaly. However, there are probably no case reports of both hip and knee joint dislocation occurring in same case during femoral lengthening in congenital short femur.

Muscle imbalance in volleyball players initiates scoliosis in immature spines: a screening analysis.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study using radiographs and clinical findings.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that asymmetric loading of immature spines in young athletes initiates scoliosis.

Overview Of Literature: Scoliosis in athletes has been reported in the literature, but its causative factors have not been investigated.