Restoring continuous finger function with temporarily paralyzed nonhuman primates using brain-machine interfaces.

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have shown promise in extracting upper extremity movement intention from the thoughts of nonhuman primates and people with tetraplegia. Attempts to restore a user's own hand and arm function have employed functional electrical stimulation (FES), but most work has restored discrete grasps. Little is known about how well FES can control continuous finger movements.

Intrathecal catheter for severe low back pain during deep brain stimulation placement: illustrative case.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for medically refractory Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and other neurological conditions.

Quantitative Sensory Testing of Spinal Cord and Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients.

Background/objectives: The physiological mechanisms underlying the pain-modulatory effects of clinical neurostimulation therapies, such as spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS), are only partially understood. In this pilot prospective study, we used patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) to investigate the physiological effects and possible mechanisms of action of SCS and DRGS therapies.

Materials And Methods: We tested 16 chronic pain patients selected for SCS and DRGS therapy, before and after treatment.

Objective Measures to Characterize the Physiological Effects of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain: A Literature Review.

Objective: The physiological mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) are only partially understood. Our aim was to perform a literature review of studies that used objective measures to characterize mechanisms of action of SCS in neuropathic pain patients.

Materials And Methods: We searched the PubMed data base to identify clinical studies that used objective measures to assess the effects of SCS in neuropathic pain.

Microstructural mechanisms of analgesia in percutaneous cervical cordotomy revealed by diffusion tensor imaging.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to reveal structural mechanisms underlying spinal ablative procedures, including percutaneous radiofrequency cordotomy (PRFC). PRFC is a surgical procedure that produces analgesia through focal ablation of the lateral spinothalamic tract (STT), thereby interrupting the flow of pain information from the periphery to the brain. To date, studies regarding mechanisms of analgesia after PRFC have been limited to postmortem cadaveric dissection and histology.