Unusual cause of tricuspid valve obstruction after surgical aortic valve replacement.

Unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm can present with manifestations due to local compression or protrusion into the chambers. Right ventricular inflow obstruction is a rare manifestation. This image highlights the tricuspid valve obstruction due to a Valsalva aneurysm in a patient after surgical aortic valve replacement.

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and multiple pulmonary and hepatic arteriovenous malformations.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder in which there is faulty development of the arteries. There is a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in these patients, the pathophysiology of which is not fully known. An increase in cardiac output, causing high-output cardiac failure, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance secondary to genetic mutations are the main reasons.

Post-operative Recurrent Ascending Aortic Pseudoaneurysm with Aorto-cutaneous Fistula- Endovascular management with an In-situ Stent-Graft Fenestration for the Innominate Artery.

Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm is a known complication of previous cardiac surgery that needs surgical or endovascular intervention. The presence of arch branches complicates the later approach necessitating additional procedures, either hybrid surgical or endovascular modification of the grafts. We describe a patient who developed an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm after mitral valve replacement, which recurred after surgical patch closure with the formation of a cutaneous fistula.

Transvenous pacing through the pulmonary valve in a patient with cyanotic congenital heart disease after Glenn shunt - A case report.

Bradyarrhythmia requiring pacing is infrequently encountered in patients with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. Even though epicardial pacing is the preferred mode, rarely, a need for endocardial lead implantation arises. Patients with cavopulmonary shunts limit access to the venous atria and ventricles, necessitating alternate methods of pacemaker implantation.

Unconventional deployment of atrial septal occluder in a patient with atrial septal defect, dextrocardia, and interrupted inferior vena cava.

An atrial septal defect is a rare anomaly in patients with interrupted inferior vena cava, which renders the percutaneous intervention more complex; and hence, innovative approaches should be sought. Dextrocardia further complicates the procedure, and traditional atrial septal device deployment methods cannot be employed. We report a successful percutaneous secundum atrial septal defect closure by a novel deployment strategy along with balloon dilation of associated severe valvular pulmonary stenosis in a patient with dextrocardia and interrupted inferior vena cava.

Reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of high pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: The objective is to assess whether the squaring of tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) gives an improved estimate of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) or is equivalent to the ratio of TRV and time velocity integral of right ventricular outflow tract (TVI) (TRV/TVI) for assessing PVR in patients with high PVR values.

Methods: Thirty patients predicted to have PVR >6 WU by Doppler were included in the present study. TRV and TVI were measured by echo Doppler.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus may benefit by addition of immunosuppression to vasodilator therapy: an observational study.

Objective: To document changes in pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) in patients with SLE who have received CYC for any indication.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with SLE pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with a PASP of >30 mmHg by transthoracic echocardiography received i.v.

Reliability of Doppler-Based Measurement of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Congenital Heart Disease with Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions.

Background: Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is a crucial parameter in the management of patients with left-to-right shunt lesions. Cardiac catheterization (Cath) is the gold standard test to assess PVR (PVRcath ), but it is invasive and hence, risky in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A noninvasive tool to assess PVR is desirable.

High risk for essential hypertension in males conferred by g.15241A>G polymorphism in intron 3 of AGT gene.

A total of 180 hypertensive and 188 normotensive subjects were studied for demographic features and for variations in exon 4 including exon-intron boundary of AGT gene using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Sequencing of the samples showing mobility shift revealed a single-nucleotide polymorphism variant g.15241A>G in intron 3 of the gene.