A descriptive analysis of Aboriginal adolescents admitted to a regional inpatient mental health unit: Was culture considered?

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of Aboriginal adolescents admitted to a Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) inpatient unit and assess if cultural identity was acknowledged, and what proportion received cultural support.

Method: A retrospective chart review of adolescents who identified as Aboriginal and were admitted to a regional CAMH Unit over 10 years. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, diagnosis, details of admission, acknowledgement of Aboriginal identity, cultural information and cultural support provided.

Utility of Shear Wave Elastography for the Diagnosis of Plantar Fasciitis: Comparison Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Sides in Unilaterally Affected Patients.

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis (PF) can cause pain in the heel, which can affect everyday activities. While it often resolves on its own, diagnosing PF to rule out other hind foot conditions by imaging modality in cases of recurrence can be difficult. Methods such as MRI and ultrasonography are helpful, but the use of elastography, specifically shear wave elastography (SWE), as a tool for diagnosing PF is being studied.

Primary Free Flaps for Coverage and Reconstruction in Acute Facial Trauma.

 Acute facial trauma in motor vehicle accident defects may be associated with skeletal, neuromuscular, or mucosal losses. Simultaneous repair of the critical structures in these defects mandates the use of flap cover; paucity of local tissues necessitates the use of free skin flaps.  Six free flap reconstructions for acute facial trauma defects over a 10-year period were reviewed.

Sural Artery as a Recipient Vessel for Free Flaps.

 The axial vessels like the anterior and posterior tibial emerge as the first choice of recipient vessels, in free flaps for lower limb trauma. When the defects are located more proximally in the leg, the deeper course of the axial vessels makes the dissection more tedious. Alternative vessels like the descending genicular, medial genicular, and distal end of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral can be used for an end-to-end anastomosis, well away from the zone of trauma.

Antimicrobial Activities of Salacia oblonga Wall Leaf and Root Extracts Against Different Bacterial Strains and Fungal Isolates.

Antibiotic resistance and the hazardous nature of synthetic drugs is threatening issue in the health sector. The alternative for this problem is to focus on plants that attribute to various compounds that exhibit therapeutic properties. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Salacia oblonga leaf and root extracts against tested human pathogens.

Anterolateral Thigh Skin and Fascia in Facial Skin Defects with Trismus: Two Problems, One Solution.

A case series of five patients with skin loss in the lateral face with trismus that followed delayed presentation following trauma, necrotizing infection, and radiation fibrosis was treated with coronoidectomy and condylar excision to effect adequate mouth opening; the anterolateral thigh flap was used for cover and the fascia was used as an interposition graft to prevent recurrence. Two patients with more than 9 years of follow-up had an average of 40 mm interincisal opening.

Is Single-stage Microvascular Reconstruction for Facial Mucormycosis Safe?

This is a retrospective therapeutic series of eight cases of facial mucormycosis treated over a 15-year period to determine the safety of simultaneous debridement and free-flap reconstruction in facial mucormycosis. Surgical debridement was done for three cases that presented acutely with systemic manifestations (group 1) and five cases that presented in the subacute phase without systemic manifestations (group 2). The debridement involved total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration in three cases, total maxillectomy with orbital preservation in two, and subtotal maxillectomy in three cases.

Biosurfactant synergized with marine bacterial DNase disrupts polymicrobial biofilms.

Globally, the occurrence of biofilm associated infection has become an alarming menace to the medical fraternity because the thick exopolysaccharide layer encasing the biofilms makes the biofilm producing pathogens inherently resistant to antibiotics. Candida albicans, the most common pathogen among Candida spp. is the causative agent for superficial and invasive candidiasis.

Functional Evaluation of Levator Scapulae Tendon to Supraspinatus in Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries.

 Brachial plexus injuries are severe life-altering injuries. The surgical method to restore shoulder abduction in adult upper brachial plexus injuries involves the usage of nerve grafts and nerve transfers targeting the suprascapular and/or the axillary nerve. When the primary nerve surgery has been unsuccessful or recovery has been incomplete or with a late presentation, muscle transfer procedures are needed to provide or improve shoulder abduction.

Viability of power distribution in India - Challenges and Way Forward.

Energy is a key component for economic growth as well as for human development. India is the third-ranking electricity generator in the world but ranks 106th in terms of per capita consumption. Specifically, the distribution of power is the most important link in the value chain of the power sector since it is the cash register for the entire sector.

Temporal self-similarity of quantum dynamical maps as a concept of memorylessness.

The problem of defining quantum non-Markovianity has proven elusive, with various in-equivalent criteria put forth to address it. The concept of CP-indivisibility and the hierarchy of stronger divisibility criteria going up to P-indivisibility, capture a fundamental aspect of memory in quantum non-Markovianity. In practice, however, there can be a memory-like influence associated with divisible channels in the form of weakening, if not reversing, the effects of decoherence.

Noisy three-player dilemma game: robustness of the quantum advantage.

Games involving quantum strategies often yield higher payoff. Here, we study a practical realization of the three-player dilemma game using the superconductivity-based quantum processors provided by IBM Q Experience. We analyze the persistence of the quantum advantage under corruption of the input states and how this depends on parameters of the payoff table.

Anterolateral Thigh Flap-the Optimal Flap in Coverage of Severe Elbow Injuries.

Traditionally, the latissimus dorsi muscle with or without skin paddle has been the flap of choice for coverage of elbow defects. The ALT flap has found application in elective upper limb defects on account of it's ability to be tailor made for individual defects. Our series of 10 cases shows the advantages of using this flap for acute trauma defects.

Free Tissue Transfer in Pediatric Lower Limb Trauma.

Free tissue transfer has become the standard in wound coverage and further refinements have given us newer flap donor sites or modifications of existing flaps to decrease morbidity; smaller vessels are being anastomosed, a direct spin-off following successful distal replantations. Younger children are presenting with traumatic defects similar to adults. Although there were apprehensions of free tissue transfer in children occasioned by smaller vessels, duration of procedure and concerns of growth following flap harvest, reports of small and large series have appeared in the literature with similar success.

Reconstruction in head-and-neck cancers - analysis of the learning curve.

Background: Oral cancers are some of the most common cancers in India. Most patients present with locally advanced disease requiring extensive resection resulting in large defects. Reconstruction of these defects plays a major role in restoring form and function to these patients, as well as enabling the delivery of adjuvant therapy on time.

Brachioradialis to flexor digitorum profundus tendon transfer to restore finger flexion.

Introduction: The main deformity following an adult lower brachial plexus injury is the loss of finger flexion. Distal nerve transfers have been used to restore finger and thumb flexion followed by tendon transfers for intrinsic replacement for opening of the fingers. When patients present beyond 6 months, only tendon transfers are applicable.

Choroidal thickness in normal Indian subjects using Swept source optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To determine choroidal thickness in healthy Indian subjects using Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study; healthy Indian subjects (n = 230) with no history of ocular and/or systemic disorders were enrolled in the study. Choroidal thickness was measured for 230 eyes using SS-OCT.

Triceps to biceps transfer for restoration of elbow flexion following upper brachial plexus injury.

Introduction: Upper brachial plexus injury in adults causes loss of elbow fl exion; when the primary nerve surgery has failed or the patient seeks treatment after 12 months of injury and pedicled muscle transfers are required. Most commonly, the latissimus dorsi or the Steindler flexorplasty is used.

Material And Methods: We have transferred one of the heads of triceps muscle to restore the elbow flexion in such cases.

Clinicopathological Analysis and Multipronged Quantitative Proteomics Reveal Oxidative Stress and Cytoskeletal Proteins as Possible Markers for Severe Vivax Malaria.

In Plasmodium vivax malaria, mechanisms that trigger transition from uncomplicated to fatal severe infections are obscure. In this multi-disciplinary study we have performed a comprehensive analysis of clinicopathological parameters and serum proteome profiles of vivax malaria patients with different severity levels of infection to investigate pathogenesis of severe malaria and identify surrogate markers of severity. Clinicopathological analysis and proteomics profiling has provided evidences for the modulation of diverse physiological pathways including oxidative stress, cytoskeletal regulation, lipid metabolism and complement cascades in severe malaria.

A quantum-information theoretic analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations: Quantum entanglement, nonlocal and nonclassical features of neutrinos.

Correlations exhibited by neutrino oscillations are studied via quantum-information theoretic quantities. We show that the strongest type of entanglement, multipartite entanglement, is persistent in the flavor changing states. We prove the existence of Bell-type nonlocal features, in both its absolute and genuine avatars.

Correction: Comprehensive Analysis of Temporal Alterations in Cellular Proteome of Bacillus subtilis under Curcumin Treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Comprehensive analysis of temporal alterations in cellular proteome of Bacillus subtilis under curcumin treatment.

Curcumin is a natural dietary compound with antimicrobial activity against various gram positive and negative bacteria. This study aims to investigate the proteome level alterations in Bacillus subtilis due to curcumin treatment and identification of its molecular/cellular targets to understand the mechanism of action. We have performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of B.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory levan produced from Acetobacter xylinum NCIM2526 and its statistical optimization.

Levan is a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both the plants and microorganisms. Along with the general properties of a biopolymer like bio-compatibility, bio-degradability, renewability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness, levan also offers some important biomedical properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-AIDS and hyperglycaemic inhibitor. In this study, we have demonstrated the microbial production of therapeutically potential levan by batch fermentation process in sucrose rich medium using Acetobacter xylinum NCIM 2526.

Evaluation and Comparison of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression between Ameloblastoma and Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor.

Background: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with an aggressive clinical behavior suggesting a change in its terminology from a cyst to a tumor and has now been renamed as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT). The purpose of this study was to assess and compare angiogenesis in ameloblastoma and OKC.

Materials And Methods: Angiogenesis was assessed by studying the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).