Improved resolution of avian influenza virus using Oxford Nanopore R10 sequencing chemistry.

Unlabelled: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses continue to pose global risks to One Health, including agriculture, public, and animal health. Rapid and accurate genomic surveillance is critical for monitoring viral mutations, tracing transmission, and guiding interventions in near real-time. Oxford Nanopore sequencing holds promise for real-time influenza genotyping, but data quality from R9 chemistry has limited its adoption due to challenges resolving low-complexity regions such as the biologically critical hemagglutinin cleavage site, a homopolymer of basic amino acids that distinguish highly pathogenic strains.

Real World Outcomes with Treatment Free Remission in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia-Experience from a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is caused by balanced translocation t(9::22)(q34;q11) resulting in formation of pathogenic BCR-ABL fusion gene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionised the treatment of CML. Ongoing treatment with TKI leads to side effects and has financial impact.

Improving Palliative Care Research Reporting: A Guide to Reporting Guidelines.

Improving the quality of research reporting is crucial for addressing current challenges in palliative care, with academic journals playing a crucial role in promoting clear and comprehensive reporting through structured guidelines. These guidelines, such as Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and evaluation, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, Case Reports (CARE) guidelines, transparent reporting of evaluations with nonrandomized designs (TREND), transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD), meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) Checklist, methods of researching end-of-life care Statement, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology, standard protocol items: recommendations for interventional trials (SPIRIT), template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research and Standards for Qualitative Research, are instrumental in ensuring transparency by furnishing essential details for comprehending, replicating and applying research findings in clinical decision-making and systematic reviews.

Evaluation of Soft Tissue Changes Following Orthognathic Surgery Using Virtual Surgical Planning Software.

Context: Orthognathic surgery brings about a harmonious relationship between jaws, resulting in improved facial aesthetics. It is key to analyze if satisfactory results can be attained by using virtual surgical planning for orthognathic procedures so as to recommend it for routine clinical practice.

Aims: The aims of this study were to evaluate the various soft tissue changes that take place following orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional (3D) imaging and virtual surgical planning software and quantify the accuracy of virtual surgical planning software on patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.

GPU optimization techniques to accelerate optiGAN-a particle simulation GAN.

The demand for specialized hardware to train AI models has increased in tandem with the increase in the model complexity over the recent years. Graphics processing unit (GPU) is one such hardware that is capable of parallelizing operations performed on a large chunk of data. Companies like Nvidia, AMD, and Google have been constantly scaling-up the hardware performance as fast as they can.

Anti-idiotype isolation of a broad and potent influenza A virus-neutralizing human antibody.

The VH6-1 class of antibodies includes some of the broadest and most potent antibodies that neutralize influenza A virus. Here, we elicit and isolate anti-idiotype antibodies against germline versions of VH6-1 antibodies, use these to sort human leukocytes, and isolate a new VH6-1-class member, antibody L5A7, which potently neutralized diverse group 1 and group 2 influenza A strains. While its heavy chain derived from the canonical IGHV6-1 heavy chain gene used by the class, L5A7 utilized a light chain gene, IGKV1-9, which had not been previously observed in other VH6-1-class antibodies.

Phase 3 RCT comparing docetaxel-platinum with docetaxel-platinum-5FU as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in borderline resectable oral cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with TPF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5FU) is one of the treatment options in very locally advanced oral cancer with a survival advantage over PF (cisplatin and 5FU). TP (docetaxel and cisplatin) has shown promising results with a lower rate of adverse events but has never been compared to TPF.

Methods: In this phase 3 randomized superiority study, adult patients with borderline resectable locally advanced oral cancers were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either TP or TPF.

CD8 T cell-mediated depletion of HBV surface-antigen-expressing, bilineal-differentiated liver carcinoma cells generates highly aggressive escape variants.

The expression of viral antigens in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection drives continuous liver inflammation, one of the main risk factors to develop liver cancer. HBV developed immune-suppressive functions to escape from the host immune system, but their link to liver tumor development is not well understood. Here, we analyzed if and how HBV surface antigen (HBs) expression in combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC/iCCA) cells influences their antigenicity for CD8 T cells.

Role of Superconducting Materials in the Endeavor to Stop Climate Change and Reach Sustainable Development.

Progress in the mass production of newly developed bulk (GdYEr)BaCuO "(Gd,Y,Er)123" and MgB systems is presented. Two batches of (Gd,Y,Er)123 pellets of 20 mm diameter and 7 mm thick were prepared in air by an infiltration growth "IG" process. Trapped field distribution profiles of fully grown bulk samples clearly showed that all samples were single-grain and the trapped field values were more than 0.

Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can protect against HIV infection but have not been induced by human vaccination. A key barrier to bnAb induction is vaccine priming of rare bnAb-precursor B cells. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial, the HIV vaccine-priming candidate eOD-GT8 60mer adjuvanted with AS01 had a favorable safety profile and induced VRC01-class bnAb precursors in 97% of vaccine recipients with median frequencies reaching 0.

The evolution of dengue-2 viruses in Malindi, Kenya and greater East Africa: Epidemiological and immunological implications.

Kenya experiences a substantial burden of dengue, yet there are very few DENV-2 sequence data available from this country and indeed the entire continent of Africa. We therefore undertook whole genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of fourteen dengue virus (DENV)-2 strains sampled from Malindi sub-County Hospital during the 2017 DENV-2 outbreak in the Kenyan coast. We further performed an extended East African phylogenetic analysis, which leveraged 26 complete African env genes.

Double dissociation between perception and action in children.

Previous research has demonstrated a functional dissociation between vision for perception and vision for action. However, the developmental trajectory of this functional dissociation is not well understood. We directly compared the sensitivity of grasping and perceptual estimations within the same experimental design to the real and illusory sizes of objects positioned in the Ponzo illusion display.

Low-cost oral metronomic chemotherapy versus intravenous cisplatin in patients with recurrent, metastatic, inoperable head and neck carcinoma: an open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: Regimens for palliation in patients with head and neck cancer recommended by the US National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) have low applicability (less than 1-3%) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) because of their cost. In a previous phase 2 study, patients with head and neck cancer who received metronomic chemotherapy had better outcomes when compared with those who received intravenous cisplatin, which is commonly used as the standard of care in LMICs. We aimed to do a phase 3 study to substantiate these findings.

A case report of capillary leak syndrome with recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions.

Background: Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a rare connective tissue disease, triggered by the leak of serous fluid into the interstitial spaces, characterized by a hallmark of oedema and effusions in confined spaces. The limiting factor in CLS management appears to be its diagnosis rather than treatment, which is usually to contain the disease progression rather than a cure.

Case Summary: We report a case of a 51-year-old woman with recurrent life-threatening presentations of pericardial effusions, pleural effusions, and generalized swelling of face and extremities.

Sulfonated inhibitors of the RNA editing ligases validate the essential role of the MRP1/2 proteins in kinetoplastid RNA editing.

The RNA editing core complex (RECC) catalyzes mitochondrial U-insertion/deletion mRNA editing in trypanosomatid flagellates. Some naphthalene-based sulfonated compounds, such as C35 and MrB, competitively inhibit the auto-adenylylation activity of an essential RECC enzyme, kinetoplastid RNA editing ligase 1 (KREL1), required for the final step in editing. Previous studies revealed the ability of these compounds to interfere with the interaction between the editosome and its RNA substrates, consequently affecting all catalytic activities that comprise RNA editing.

The origins of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Ecuador following increased migration from Venezuela and Colombia.

Background: In recent years, Ecuador and other South American countries have experienced an increase in arboviral diseases. A rise in dengue infections was followed by introductions of chikungunya and Zika, two viruses never before seen in many of these areas. Furthermore, the latest socioeconomic and political instability in Venezuela and the mass migration of its population into the neighboring countries has given rise to concerns of infectious disease spillover and escalation of arboviral spread in the region.

Prevalence, clinical features, and diagnosis of among female STI clinic attendees in Trinidad.

Background: (TV) is one of the most common pathogens causing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in both men and women. Since there are no accurate prevalence data available on TV infection among women for Trinidad and Tobago and in the Caribbean region, there is a great need for research to study the dynamics of the infection and its transmission.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and diagnose TV infection in women attending the STI clinic and to provide recommendations for control and prevention of trichomoniasis in the community.

Decision aid use during post-biopsy consultations for localized prostate cancer.

Background: Decision Aids (DAs) effectively translate medical evidence for patients but are not routinely used in clinical practice. Little is known about how DAs are used during patient-clinician encounters.

Objective: To characterize the content and communicative function of high-quality DAs during diagnostic clinic visits for prostate cancer.

Evaluation of the relation between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of blood parameters: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Anemia of chronic disease is defined as anemia occurring in chronic infections, inflammatory conditions, or neoplastic disorders which are not due to marrow deficiencies or other diseases, and occurring despite the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins.

Aims: To evaluate the relation between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of blood parameters and to assess whether periodontitis like other inflammatory conditions can lead to anemia. It is a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Pre- and Postnatal Diagnosis of 10p14 Deletion and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Significance of Non-Cardiac Markers.

Congenital heart defect (CHD) is the most common form of birth defects. There is a high association between increased nuchal translucency and CHD in fetuses, and CHD in the antenatal period has a high incidence of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.