Kinetics of organic matter and ammonia removal in horizontal reed beds treating wastewater in Nepal.

In Nepal, both horizontal bed and vertical bed subsurface flow constructed wetlands have been used for wastewater treatment. However, these units were designed based on the empirical findings from other countries. The rational design criteria developed so far has some limitations as the performance of the units is sensitive to the behaviour of the microorganisms, climatic conditions and other attributes pertaining to the local contexts.