Review of Ligand Specificity Factors for CYP1A Subfamily Enzymes from Molecular Modeling Studies Reported to-Date.

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 1A enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, are two of the most important enzymes implicated in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds through oxidation. These enzymes are also known to metabolize environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species, leading to the advent of several types of cancer. The development of selective inhibitors for these P450 enzymes, mitigating procarcinogenic oxidative effects, has been the focus of many studies in recent years.

A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED TRIAL COMPARING PLAIN GUT TO POLYGLACTIN 910 (VICRYL) SUTURES FOR SCLEROTOMY CLOSURE AFTER 23-GAUGE PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: To report a prospective, randomized comparative study assessing clinical outcomes of plain gut versus polyglactin 910 (PG910) sutures for sclerotomy closure after 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: A single-masked, randomized, prospective study was undertaken with 49 eyes of 49 patients undergoing 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy randomized to sclerotomy closure with either plain gut suture, PG910 (Vicryl) suture or a combination of the two. Assessment was based on both a postoperative pain scale and a standardized assessment of scleral inflammation at each suture site.

Proof of concept demonstration of optimal composite MRI endpoints for clinical trials.

Background: Atrophy measures derived from structural MRI are promising outcome measures for early phase clinical trials, especially for rare diseases such as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), where the small available subject pool limits our ability to perform meaningfully powered trials with traditional cognitive and functional outcome measures.

Methods: We investigated a composite atrophy index in 26 PPA participants with longitudinal MRIs separated by two years. Rogalski .

Osteoinductive effects of glyceollins on adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow.

Background: While current therapies for osteoporosis focus on reducing bone resorption, the development of therapies to regenerate bone may also be beneficial. Promising anabolic therapy candidates include phytoestrogens, such as daidzein, which effectively induce osteogenesis of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Purpose: To investigate the effects of glyceollins, structural derivatives of daidzein, on osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs.

Functional Connectivity is Reduced in Early-stage Primary Progressive Aphasia When Atrophy is not Prominent.

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical syndrome of language decline caused by neurodegenerative pathology. Although language impairments in PPA are typically localized via the morphometric assessment of atrophy, functional changes may accompany or even precede detectable structural alterations, in which case resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) could provide an alternative approach. The goal of this study was to determine whether language network RSFC is reduced in early-stage PPA when atrophy is not prominent.

PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH POSTVIRAL PURTSCHER-LIKE RETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To report the imaging findings of a single case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy in the setting of recent viral illness.

Methods: Case report, multimodal imaging.

Results: A 21-year-old woman who awoke with sudden-onset bilateral finger count vision in the setting of a recent viral illness.

Ligands of Therapeutic Utility for the Liver X Receptors.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target to treat pathological conditions ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases, neurological degeneration, to cancers that are driven by lipid metabolism. Amidst intensifying efforts to discover ligands that act through LXRs to achieve the sought-after pharmacological outcomes, several lead compounds are already being tested in clinical trials for a variety of disease interventions. While more potent and selective LXR ligands continue to emerge from screening of small molecule libraries, rational design, and empirical medicinal chemistry approaches, challenges remain in minimizing undesirable effects of LXR activation on lipid metabolism.

Usefulness of Structured Video Indirect Ophthalmoscope-Guided Education in Improving Resident Ophthalmologist Confidence and Ability.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the video indirect ophthalmoscope (VIO) to improve resident ophthalmologist skill with indirect ophthalmoscopy (IO) and scleral depression (SD).

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-arm interventional study.

Participants: Ten ophthalmology residents were enrolled in an educational program using the Heine Video Omega 2C VIO (Heine USA Ltd, Dover, NH) and served as the study group.

Ortho-Methylarylamines as Time-Dependent Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 1A1 Enzyme.

Background: Members of the cytochrome P450 1A family metabolize many procarcinogens such as polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines. Inactivation of these enzymes is a prerequisite for cancer prevention and treatment in certain cases. Mechanism-based inhibition (time and co-factor dependent) is an effective method for the inactivation of these enzymes.

PanGeT: Pan-genomics tool.

A decade after the concept of Pan-genome was first introduced; research in this field has spread its tentacles to areas such as pathogenesis of diseases, bacterial evolutionary studies and drug resistance. Gene content-based differentiation of virulent and a virulent strains of bacteria and identification of pathogen specific genes is imperative to understand their physiology and gain insights into the mechanism of genome evolution. Subsequently, this will aid in identifying diagnostic targets and in developing and selecting vaccines.

MICROBIOLOGIC SPECTRUM AND VISUAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE-ONSET ENDOPHTHALMITIS UNDERGOING THERAPEUTIC PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentation, microbiologic spectrum, and visual outcomes associated with acute-onset infectious endophthalmitis undergoing therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: Multicenter interventional retrospective noncomparative consecutive case series. Billing records were reviewed to identify all charts for patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy within 14 days of diagnosis of acute-onset infectious endophthalmitis over a 4-year period at 5 large tertiary referral retina practices.

PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION AFTER COSMETIC FILLER INJECTION.

Purpose: To report a single case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy in association with retinal artery occlusion in the setting of ipsilateral facial cosmetic filler injection.

Methods: Case report.

Patient: A 35-year-old woman presenting with sudden vision loss to finger count vision immediately after left nasal fat pad cosmetic filler injection.

A rare case of unilateral eosinophilic fasciitis associated with ipsilateral extragenital lichen sclerosus.

Eosinophilic fasciitis, also known as Shulman's syndrome, is a fibrosing scleroderma-like syndrome, which is a distinct entity. A 55-year-old man, presented with progressive skin darkening, thickening, and tightening over the left lower limb since 6 months. Dermatological examination revealed a hyperpigmented indurated area on the left thigh, extending to the anterior aspect of the left leg.

Population genetic structure of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences from India.

Pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella is one of the most destructive pest's globally inflicting huge economic losses in cotton even during later stages of crop growth. In the present investigation, the population genetic structure, distribution, and genetic diversity of P. gossypiella in cotton growing zones of India using partial mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase-I (COI) gene was addressed.

Utilization of Ophthalmology-Specific Emergency Department Services.

Objective: To describe utilization trends of an ophthalmology-specific emergency department (ED).

Methods: Prospective cohort study of new patients presenting in the ophthalmology ED for at least a 30-day period in the spring of each year for five consecutive years (2010-14) at a university referral center. A data form, including information about the ED visit and patient demographics, was included in each patient chart.

Aphasic variant of Alzheimer disease: Clinical, anatomic, and genetic features.

Objective: To identify features of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. A related objective was to determine whether logopenic PPA is a clinical marker for AD.

Methods: A total of 139 prospectively enrolled participants with a root diagnosis of PPA constituted the reference set.

PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR LATE VITREORETINAL SEQUELAE OF INFECTIOUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS: Surgical Management and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the visual acuity outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy for delayed vitreoretinal sequelae of infectious endophthalmitis. All eyes were initially treated with intravitreal antibiotics (Abx).

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, consecutive case series.

Molecular modeling and structural analysis of nAChR variants uncovers the mechanism of resistance to snake toxins.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are neuromuscular proteins responsible for muscle contraction upon binding with chemical stimulant acetylcholine (ACh). The α-neurotoxins of snake mimic the structure of ACh and attacks nAChRs, which block the flow of ACh and leads to numbness and paralysis. The toxin-binding site of alpha subunit in the nAChRs is highly conserved throughout chordate lineages with few exceptions in resistance organisms.

Ophthalmic Complications Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulant Medications.

Objective: To describe the clinical features and management of six patients with ocular complications associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

Methods: The medical records of all adult patients known to be taking a DOAC and with an unusual bleeding event at a large tertiary referral center over a one-year period were reviewed. Patients with less than one-month follow-up were excluded.

Draft Genome Sequence of Paracoccus sp. MKU1, a New Bacterial Strain Isolated from an Industrial Effluent with Potential for Bioremediation.

Paracoccus sp. MKU1, a novel dimethylformamide degrading bacterial strain was originally isolated from an industrial effluent, Tirupur region, Tamil Nadu, India. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Paracoccus sp.