Trace element characterization of fine particulate matter and assessment of associated health risk in mining area, transportation routes and institutional area of Dhanbad, India.

Samples of PM were collected on PTFE filters at 11 monitoring stations in Dhanbad, India, from March, 2014, to February, 2015, for the quantification of 10 PM-bound trace elements by using ICP-OES, source apportionment by using principal component analysis and health risks posed by PM-bound trace elements by using health risk assessment model developed by US EPA. The average annual PM concentration (149 ± 66 µg/m) exceeded the national ambient air quality standards by factor of 3.7, US EPA national ambient air quality standards by factor of 10 and WHO air quality guidelines by factor of 15.

Variation in effects of four OP insecticides on photosynthetic pigment fluorescence of Chlorella vulgaris Beij.

Effects of the insecticides quinalphos, chlorfenvinphos, dimethoate and phorate on photosystem activity of Chlorella vulgaris were investigated by different chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Exposure to each of the insecticides increased the proportion of inactivated PS II reaction center. Quinalphos and chlorfenvinphos caused OJIP fluorescence reduction at all levels by decreasing the proportion of Q(A)-reducing PS II reaction centers (RCs).