Aromaticity, polarity, and longevity of biochar derived from disposable bamboo chopsticks waste for environmental application.

Transforming disposable bamboo chopstick (DBC) wastes into biochar is an effective way to achieve waste-to-resource conversion. This research focused on the elemental and chemical composition of biochar and revealed how these properties affect biochar performance in real-world applications, particularly with respect to climate change mitigation. This research is aimed at examining the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the aromaticity, polarity, and longevity of DBC biochar.

Congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood.

Objective: To document the types of congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood, the clinical presentation and complications of these renal anomalies, and the most useful imaging modality in detecting a renal anomaly.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. Between January 2007 and January 2011, the clinical data and imaging studies of 28 patients older than 18 years diagnosed with renal anomaly at the authors' institution were retrospectively reviewed.