High level of psychological stress in COVID-19 recovered individuals: role of copeptin as a potential biomarker.

Background: Study aimed to assess stress in COVID-19 recovered individuals using a validated questionnaire PSS-10 score and stress biomarkers - salivary cortisol and serum copeptin.

Methods: A total of 83 subjects of which 54 subjects (66.3%) who were hospitalized were recruited 8-20 weeks following recovery from COVID-19.

Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17).

Background: Non-communicable disease (NCD) rates are rapidly increasing in India with wide regional variations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of metabolic NCDs in India and analyse interstate and inter-regional variations.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, a cross-sectional population-based survey, assessed a representative sample of individuals aged 20 years and older drawn from urban and rural areas of 31 states, union territories, and the National Capital Territory of India.

Macronutrient Recommendations for Remission and Prevention of Diabetes in Asian Indians Based on a Data-Driven Optimization Model: The ICMR-INDIAB National Study.

Objective: To derive macronutrient recommendations for remission and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian Indians using a data-driven optimization approach.

Research Design And Methods: Dietary, behavioral, and demographic assessments were performed on 18,090 adults participating in the nationally representative, population-based Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Fasting and 2-h postglucose challenge capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were estimated.

gene associated postprandial triglyceride dysmetabolism- a novel mechanism for diabetes risk among Asian Indians.

Aim: gene is believed to increase the risk of T2DM by its effects on insulin secretion. However, the exact mechanism of this enhanced risk is not clearly known. While gene has been shown to affect lipid metabolism, these effects have remained largely unexplored in the context of diabetes risk.

Achievement of guideline recommended diabetes treatment targets and health habits in people with self-reported diabetes in India (ICMR-INDIAB-13): a national cross-sectional study.

Background: There is little information on comprehensive diabetes care comprising glycaemic, lipid, and blood pressure control in India; therefore, we aimed to assess the achievement of treatment targets among adults with self-reported diabetes.

Methods: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-India Diabetes (INDIAB) study is a cross-sectional, population-based survey of adults aged 20 years or older in all 30 states and union territories of India. We used a stratified multistage sampling design, sampling states in a phased manner, and selected villages in rural areas and census enumeration blocks in urban areas.

Adipose Tissue Levels of DDT as Risk Factor for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a potent lipophilic organochlorine pesticide, has long been linked as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its presence in the adipose tissues of the T2DM subjects has not been explored in the Indian population, where this long-banned pesticide is still in use. The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible association of DDT and its metabolites in obese and non-obese T2DM subjects.

Variations in glycated haemoglobin with age among individuals with normal glucose tolerance: Implications for diagnosis and treatment-Results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based study (INDIAB-12).

Aim: To report on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at different age groups, using data acquired from a large national survey in India.

Materials And Methods: Data on glycaemic parameters at different age groups were obtained from the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study, in adults aged ≥ 20 years representing all parts of India. Age-wise distribution of HbA1c was assessed among individuals with NGT (n = 14,222) confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Low dose depot oral vitamin D. daily oral vitamin D for treating nutritional rickets: a randomised clinical trial.

We aimed to compare the efficacy of daily v. low dose depot oral vitamin D3 for treating nutritional rickets. We conducted a randomised controlled trial in the department of paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital catering to semi-urban and rural population in Delhi, India.

Level of Organochlorine Pesticide in Prediabetic and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Varying Degree of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance among North Indian Population.

Background: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) exposure may induce an endocrine disruption which may lead to the risk of developing diabetes through alteration and disturbance of glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and destruction of β-cells. The present study determines the recent trend of OCPs residue in blood samples and their association with the known risk factors responsible for developing the risk of diabetes among the North Indian population.

Methods: Blood sample of 300 patients (100 each of normal glucose tolerance [NGT], prediabetes and newly detected diabetes mellitus [DM]) between the age group of 30 to 70 years were collected.

High levels of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A study in north India.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are well known synthetic pesticides widely used in agricultural practices and public health program. Higher toxicity, slow degradation, and bioaccumulation are the significant challenges of OCPs. Due to its uses in agricultural and public health, contamination of drinking water and water table also increases day by day.

Family history of diabetes determines the association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglycerides in individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Background: Individuals with family history of diabetes carry nearly double the risk of diabetes than those without. However, the mechanism for this increased risk of diabetes in them is not fully understood.

Objective: To study fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who had family history of diabetes and to ascertain their association with insulin resistance.

Oral Vitamin D Supplementation to Mothers During Lactation-Effect of 25(OH)D Concentration on Exclusively Breastfed Infants at 6 Months of Age: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Exclusively breastfed infants are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. To find out proportion of exclusively breastfed infants having serum 25(OH)D concentration <11 ng/mL at 6 months of age with or without oral supplementation of vitamin D to lactating mothers. Randomized placebo-controlled study included 132 mothers and infants divided into two groups.

Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis among youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: Results from SEARCH (United States) and YDR (India) registries.

Background: There is significant global variation in the prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, data for youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited, even in developed countries. We compared the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis among individuals with T1D and T2D from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) and the Registry of Youth Onset Diabetes in India (YDR) registries.

Demographic and clinical profile of youth onset diabetes patients in India-Results from the baseline data of a clinic based registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset-[YDR-02].

Background: We here report the demographic and clinical profile of the patients enrolled in the Indian Council of Medical Research funded Registry of people with diabetes in India with young age at onset (YDR) from 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2011.

Methods: The YDR registry recruits all diabetes cases (newly diagnosed or treated) reporting on or after 1 January 2000 with age of diagnosis ≤25 years, and residing within the assigned geographical area of the reporting centres. A baseline proforma was used to obtain information on demographic and clinical details at registration.

Association of Copeptin With Sense of Coherence in Individuals With Varying Degrees of Glucose Intolerance.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association of serum copeptin levels, a surrogate marker of arginine-vasopressin secretion with sense of coherence (SOC) among individuals with varying degrees of glucose intolerance.

Methods: The study was conducted in 120 age- and sex-matched individuals who were divided equally into three groups. Group A included individuals with normal glucose tolerance; group B, individuals with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glucose); and group C, individuals with newly detected diabetes mellitus (NDDM).

Genome-Wide Association Study of Metabolic Syndrome Reveals Primary Genetic Variants at Locus in Indians.

Indians, a rapidly growing population, constitute vast genetic heterogeneity to that of Western population; however they have become a sedentary population in past decades due to rapid urbanization ensuing in the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS in 10,093 Indian individuals (6,617 MetS and 3,476 controls) of Indo-European origin, that belong to our previous biorepository of The Indian Diabetes Consortium (INDICO). The study was conducted in two stages-discovery phase ( = 2,158) and replication phase ( = 7,935).

Association of postprandial triglyceride responses with insulin resistance among rotational night shift healthcare workers.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Does long-term rotational night shift work among healthcare workers alter postprandial triglyceride metabolism, and are the postprandial triglyceride responses associated with insulin resistance? What is the main finding and its importance? Rotational night shift duties in healthcare workers might have a negative impact on postprandial triglyceride responses and insulin sensitivity. This is the first study in which postprandial triglyceride responses among shift workers exposed to long-term night shifts have been studied.

Abstract: Studies on the postprandial period demonstrate that in experimental conditions, abrupt or acute changes in sleep timing and work are followed by significantly altered postprandial glucose, insulin secretion and lipid tolerance.

Glucose Homeostasis and Effect of Chelation on β Cell Function in Children With β-Thalassemia Major.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in β-thalassemia major and correlate it with chelation therapy.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-seven subjects with β-thalassemia major, aged 1 to 20 years, were enrolled in our prospective cohort. Clinical details were recorded.

Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in 15 states of India: results from the ICMR-INDIAB population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Previous studies have not adequately captured the heterogeneous nature of the diabetes epidemic in India. The aim of the ongoing national Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes study is to estimate the national prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in India by estimating the prevalence by state.

Methods: We used a stratified multistage design to obtain a community-based sample of 57 117 individuals aged 20 years or older.

Role of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-mediated antiproteinuric action in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.

Aim: To investigate the role of genetic variants of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes in the antiproteinuric efficacy of ACE inhibitor therapy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients.

Methods: In the present study, 270 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy were enrolled and treated with ACE inhibitor (ramipril) and followed at 6 mo for renal function and albumin excretion by estimating serum creatinine, end stage renal disease, and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine. Genotyping of ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphisms were performed by using primer specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-RFLP techniques, respectively.

Effects of a self-management educational program on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes.

Background/aim: India has 63 million diabetic people and the overall prevalence of diabetes in this country is 8.37%. Lifestyle modification by education is the most cost-effective strategy to have better metabolic control.

Registry of Youth Onset Diabetes in India (YDR): Rationale, Recruitment, and Current Status.

Background: With the aim of addressing the relative scarcity of information on youth-onset diabetes in India, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) decided to establish the Registry of People with Diabetes with Young Age at Onset (YDR) in 2006. The major objectives of YDR are to generate information on disease pattern or types of youth-onset diabetes including their geographical variations within India and to estimate the burden of diabetes complications.

Methods: YDR is an observational multicenter clinic based registry enlisting physician diagnosed diabetes in individuals below 25 years of age.

Effect of obesity and glycated hemoglobin on oxygen saturation in ambulatory type 2 diabetic individuals: A pilot study.

Aims: Tissue hypoxia is an important contributor to diabetic complications. Glycation of hemoglobin (Hb) and obesity are major determinant of oxygen saturation (SpO2) in blood. Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate the effect of obesity on SpO2 in a wide range of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in ambulatory type 2 diabetic patients.