Good efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in eastern Sumba, East Nusatenggara, Indonesia.

Aim: to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a fixed combination of artemether-lumefantrine for likely use against failures of the artesunate-amodiaquine first line therapy.

Methods: the study was an open label single arm uncontrolled trial. we evaluated the safety and efficacy of standard artemether-lumefantrine therapy in 59 subjects with uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum on the island of Sumba in eastern Indonesia.

Nitric oxide production and mononuclear cell nitric oxide synthase activity in malaria-tolerant Papuan adults.

Individuals living in regions of intense malaria transmission exhibit natural immunity that allows them to be without fever and other symptoms for most of the time despite frequent parasitization. Although this tolerance of parasitemia appears to be more effective in children than in adults (as evidenced by lower parasitemia fever thresholds with age), adults do exhibit a degree of tolerance but the mechanism(s) underlying this are unclear. Asymptomatic malaria-exposed children have higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) than children with severe disease, and NO has been proposed as a mediator of malarial tolerance.

Higher gametocyte prevalence following failure of treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and the combination of chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine: implications for progression of anti-folate resistance.

Chloroquine (CQ) treatment of CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of post-treatment gametocytaemia which has been linked to the preferential transmission of CQ-resistant parasites. It is not known whether treatment failure (TF) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is associated with the same higher prevalence of gametocytaemia as that seen with CQ TF. Using 1997 WHO in-vivo drug efficacy protocols for malaria, we therefore compared (in a study in 1999) the frequency of gametocytaemia in those with TF to the frequency seen in those with an adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) following treatment with one of 3 regimens in Papua, Indonesia: SP monotherapy (n = 87; TF 20.

Therapeutic efficacies of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and chloroquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in vivax malaria pilot studies: relationship to Plasmodium vivax dhfr mutations.

Artemisinin-derivative combination therapies (ACT) are highly efficacious against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Few efficacy data, however, are available for vivax malaria. With high rates of chloroquine (CQ) resistance in both vivax and falciparum malaria in Papua Province, Indonesia, new combination therapies are required for both species.