Systemic Lactate Elevation Induced by Tobacco Smoking during Rest and Exercise Is Not Associated with Nicotine.

Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles.

Influence of the Intention to Lean the Body Forward on Kinematics and Kinetics of Sprinting for Active Adults.

This study investigated the influence of the intention to lean the body forward on spatiotemporal and ground reaction force variables during the acceleration phase of a sprint. Fourteen active adults performed two 50 m sprints (with and without the intention to lean), during which spatiotemporal variables and impulses were obtained using a long force platform system. Effect size (Cohen's d) was used to examine the differences between the two trials.

Cigarette Smoking Blunts Exercise-Induced Heart Rate Response among Young Adult Male Smokers.

This study aimed to examine the exercise-induced heart rate response (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects caused by inhaling smoke from tobacco cigarettes (TC) and aerosolized vapor from electronic nicotine dispensing systems (ENDS) (commonly referred to as e-cigarettes (EC)). A randomized crossover study recruited 24 young adult male smokers with an average age of 23 years and with a smoking habit of at least two years. Heart rate response was recorded after a maximal multistage shuttle 20 m run test (MMST) under three different levels of nicotine: Control 0 mg nicotine of EC (C), 3 mg nicotine of EC (3EC), and 3 mg nicotine of TC (3TC).