as a Source of Immunomodulatory Agents: A New Opportunity and Perspective.

Immunomodulators are pivotal in managing various health conditions by regulating the immune response by either enhancing or suppressing it to maintain homeostasis. The growing interest in natural sources of immunomodulatory agents has spurred the investigation of numerous medicinal plants, including , commonly known in Asia as sungkai. Traditionally used for its medicinal properties in Southeast Asia, belongs to the Verbenaceae family and has garnered significant attention.

(Hassk) Merr. (Fabaceae) Inhibits Insulin Resistance in the Adipose Tissue of High Fructose-Induced Wistar Rats.

Background: The twigs and roots of (Hassk). Merr. Was reported to possess antidiabetic activity by reducing the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase.

The Anti-Diabetic Effects of Medicinal Plants Belonging to the Liliaceae Family: Potential Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that has an enormous impact on people's quality of life and health. Although there is no doubt about the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents combined with lifestyle management in controlling diabetes, no individual has ever been reported to have been completely cured of the disease. Globally, many medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes in various traditional systems of medicine.

Impact of Lipids on Insulin Resistance: Insights from Human and Animal Studies.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex pathological condition central to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This review evaluates the impact of lipids on insulin resistance (IR) by analyzing findings from human and animal studies. The articles were searched on the PubMed database using two keywords: (1) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Humans" and (2) "Role of Lipids AND Insulin Resistance AND Animal Models".

The Nephroprotective Activity of Rhizome by Reducing Creatinine, Urea Nitrogen, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, and Malondialdehyde Levels in the Blood and Attenuating the Expression of , and Genes in the Kidney Cortex of Cisplatin-Induced Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background: Cisplatin chemotherapy induces nephrotoxicity by producing reactive oxygen species, hence, discovering add-on nephroprotective drugs for patients with cancer is challenging. has been reported for its antioxidant properties.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the nephroprotective mechanism of the ethanol extract of rhizome (EEBR) in cisplatin-induced rats.

Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract.

Background: is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis.

Pharmacology activity, toxicity, and clinical trials of Erythrina genus plants (Fabaceae): an evidence-based review.

The concept of using plants to alleviate diseases is always challenging. In West Java, Indonesia, a local plant, named has been traditionally used to reduce blood glucose, fever, and edema, by pounding the leaves and applying them on the inflamed skin, or boiled and consumed as herbal tea. This plant belongs to the Erythrina genus, which covers approximately 120 species.

Investigating the Effect of Adherence to Antipsychotic Therapy on the Length of Stay and Number of Hospitalizations in Patients with Schizophrenia - A Descriptive Analysis.

Background: Optimizing long-term outcomes in schizophrenia treatment requires effective pharmacological interventions. Medication adherence is known to influence clinical outcomes, yet there is a scarcity of studies examining its correlation with factors like Length of Stay (LOS) and re-hospitalization frequency. These outcomes are crucial indicators of how medication adherence affects overall patient well-being.

Chitin Extracted from the Shell of Blue Swimming Crabs ( Linn.) Inhibits NF-kappaB p65 in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerative Wistar Rats.

Peptic ulcer disease is generated by the activation of NF-kappaB activity. A recent clinical study reported a significant increase in NF-kappaB2 gene expression in 79 samples of peptic ulcer patients compared to the control group. Moreover, the deacetylated chitin could alter the translocation of NF-kappaB p65 to the nucleus.

Review of the Case Reports on Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and Thiazolidinedione Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the world's most common metabolic disease. The development of T2DM is mainly caused by a combination of two factors: the failure of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin (insulin resistance); therefore, the disease is indicated by a chronic increase in blood glucose. T2DM patients can be treated with mono- or combined therapy using oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin-replaced agents; however, the medication often leads to various discomforts, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, nausea and vomiting, and hypersensitivity reactions.

Role of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (Review).

Non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent ailment worldwide. Moreover, lipogenesis (DNL) is considered a critical factor in the development of NAFLD; hence, its inhibition is a promising target for the prevention of fatty liver disease. There is evidence to indicate that AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may play a crucial role in DNL and are the regulatory proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease.

The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism.

Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms.

The Evolution of Pharmacological Activities Griffith In Vivo and In Vitro Study: A Review.

Griffith ( is one of the many herbal plants found in Asia, and its fruit is plum mango. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, and many others. Due to its bioactive components, plum mango has powerful antioxidants that have therapeutic benefits for many common ailments, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Effect of the roselle ( L.) calyces drink on the physiological parameters of healthy adult subjects.

The calyx of roselle ( L.) has been the focus of attention of several studies, and although earlier studies on this plant showed it to possess antilipidemic and antidiabetic activities, none of these studies have assessed the effects of this plant on the physiological parameters of healthy subjects. The present study determined the effects of roselle calyx beverages on blood pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI), hematological and urinary parameters, and the lipid profile of healthy subjects.

Potential of inInhibiting Nitric Oxide Synthase.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Inflammation occurs <i>via</i> several mechanisms, one of which includes the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) catalyzed by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is inhibited selectively by isothioureas. <i>Ageratum conyzoides</i> L. has shown activity in reducing pain and inflammation, although the molecular mechanism had not been undertaken.

Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of bioactive compounds contained in noni fruit ( L.) against human pancreatic α-amylase.

Human pancreatic α-amylase inhibition is currently a promising therapeutic target against type 2 diabetes (DMT2) because it can reduce aggressive digestion of carbohydrates into absorbable monosaccharides. In Indonesia, medicinal plants, e.g.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Treatment in Patients with Complications of Kidney and Peripheral Vascular Diseases in Indonesia.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with high-cost treatment. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of T2DM treatment in hospitalized patients with complications of kidney and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in Indonesia by focusing on patients of Health Social Security Agency (). An observational study was applied by collecting data retrospectively from patients' medical record at the biggest public hospital in West Java Province, Indonesia.

Sub-chronic toxicity of Griff Fruit's ethanol extract on Wistar rats ().

Griff. (GA) is a tropical fruit that commonly used as a traditional medicine to this day. This study was conducted to determine the sub-chronic toxicity effect of GA fruits ethanol extract on body weight, clinical hematology and biochemical parameters, and organ's histopathology.