Candiduria-Study of Virulence Factors and Its Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern in Tertiary Care Hospital.

The increased incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients is due to the use of indwelling devices, long-term antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, and immunocompromised status of the patient. In this study, an attempt was made to speciate, characterize, and determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). A total of 70 isolates were obtained from urine samples.

Evaluation of susceptibility of fosfomycin among isolates from urine cultures: A study from Puducherry.

Introduction: The increasing drug resistance among Gram-negative uropathogens and a lack of effective oral antibiotics have limited the therapeutic options available for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This shortage of newer antibiotics has paved the way for considering the use of older antibiotics such as fosfomycin. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of isolates to fosfomycin.

Prevalence of infection among the patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Background: Clostridium difficile, a most important nosocomial enteric pathogen, is recognized globally as responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality due to widespread use of antibiotics.

Aims: The study was done to determine the prevalence of C.

Multidrug Resistant Shigella flexneri Infection Simulating Intestinal Intussusception.

Shigella enteritis remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all age groups, in developing as well as developed countries. Owing to the emerging resistance to multiple antibiotics among Shigella spp., it has been recognized as a major global public health concern and warrants constant monitoring of its resistance pattern.

Neonatal sepsis caused by Shewanella algae: A case report.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality among neonates, especially in developing countries. Most cases of neonatal sepsis are attributed to Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Shewanella algae (S.

Dengue co-infection in a blood stream infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: A case report.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an emerging opportunistic bacterial pathogen with resistance to several commonly used antibiotics. Owing to its multidrug resistance (MDR), management of S.

A study of antibiogram of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Pondicherry, India.

Background: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is an important public health problem in developing countries like India.1 The emergence of resistance to fluoroquinolones has reduced the therapeutic options available.

Antibiotic screening of urine culture as a tool for interal quality audit.

Background: Microbiologic culture of urine is an important component in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI). However, confounding factors like the patient's current history of antibiotic usage can affect the interpretation of urine culture results.

Aims: This study was undertaken to find out the occurrence of unreported antibiotic consumption prior to urine culture and its clinical consequences.

Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital from South India.

Background: Acinetobacter species are gram-negative coccobacilli belonging to the group of Non-Fermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli, which are ubiquitous in nature. They cause outbreaks in intensive care units and healthcare settings, and are becoming increasingly drug resistant.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples.

Detection of metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units.

Background: Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a threat to hospital infection control, due to its multi-drug resistance, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).

Aims: This study was carried out to detect MBL producing P. aeruginosa isolates from medical and surgical ICUs, to compare and evaluate different phenotypic methods currently in use and to determine antibiograms.

Bacteriophage types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Phage typing had been utilised extensively to characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak strains in the past. It is an invaluable tool even today to monitor emergence and dissemination of MRSA strains.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalent phage types of MRSA in south India and the association between phage types, antibiotic resistance pattern and risk factors.

Changing Trends in Resistance Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with multidrug resistance, an aggressive course, increased mortality and morbidity in both community and health care facilities. Monitoring of newly emerging and prevalent Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains for their resistance patterns to conventional as well as novel drugs, are essential for infection control.

Aims: To study the changing trends in resistance patterns of MRSA at our hospital.

Septic Arthritis caused by Group A Streptococcus in Newborn: An Unusual Presentation.

Streptococcal sepsis in neonates is a potentially lethal condition. A wide spectrum of clinical presentations has been often reported in Group B Streptococcal infections in neonates. Bone and joint infections which are caused by Group B Streptococcus are also encountered frequently, but they have not yet been reported in case of Group A Streptococcal infection in neonates.

Neonatal sepsis and multiple skin abscess in a newborn with Down's syndrome: A case report.

Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Congenital heart disease accounts for additional risk of sepsis in neonates. Here we report a case of Down's syndrome with late onset neonatal sepsis associated with multiple superficial skin abscesses simulating staphylococcal infection.

Detection of extended spectrum beta lactamases, ampc beta lactamases and metallobetalactamases in clinical isolates of ceftazidime resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

We studied the prevalence of ceftazidime resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production among the ceftazidime resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A very high rate of MBL production was observed, which suggested it to be an important contributing factor for ceftazidime resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Comparing absolute lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count, as a CD4 T cell surrogate, to initiate antiretroviral therapy.

Background: The high cost of CD4 count estimation in resource-limited settings is a major obstacle in initiating patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Thus, there is a need to evaluate other less expensive surrogate markers like total lymphocyte count (TLC) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC).

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation of TLC and ALC to CD4 count.

Anterior abdominal wall abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a patient with self-inflicted stab injury: An unusual presentation.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia, otitis media, paranasal sinusitis, bacteremia and meningitis, as well as osteomyelitis and occasionally peritonitis. We report the case of a 25-year-old female who had stabbed herself with a kitchen knife above the umbilicus 10 days prior to admission. Subsequently, she developed an anterior abdominal wall abscess caused by S.

Adverse effects after HAART Initiation in resource-limited settings: a prospective study from Mysore, India.

Introduction: There are few studies from India documenting the adverse effects of generic HAART (Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy).

Methodology: A prospective study was conducted at Mysore, India, to study the adverse effects after HAART initiation in a cohort of 100 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients, who were evaluated prospectively every three months by clinical and laboratory monitoring for adverse effects after HAART initiation for one year.

Results: The most common first-line regimens were zidovudine (AZT) plus lamivudine (3TC) plus nevirapine (NVP) (42%); followed by Stavudine (d4T) plus 3TC plus NVP  (33%); AZT plus 3TC plus efavirenz (EFV) (13%); and d4T plus 3TC plus EFV (12%).

Total lymphocyte count as a tool for timing opportunistic infection prophylaxis in resource-limited settings: a study from India.

Introduction: In resource-limited settings, due to the high cost of CD4 cell count testing, physicians must decide about opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis without a laboratory evaluation of HIV stage and level of immune suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of total lymphocyte count (TLC), an inexpensive laboratory parameter, to CD4 count, and to determine a range of TLC cut-offs for the initiation of OI prophylaxis that is appropriate for resource-limited settings.

Methodology: Spearman correlation between CD4 count and TLC was assessed in patients attending the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) centre at Mysore, India.