Bat adaptations in inflammation and cell death regulation contribute to viral tolerance.

Bats are reservoirs for multiple viruses, some of which are known to cause global disease outbreaks. Virus spillovers from bats have been implicated in zoonotic transmission. Some bat species can tolerate viral infections, such as infections with coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses, better than humans and with less clinical consequences.

Conformational flexibility associated with remote residues regulates the kinetic properties of glutamate dehydrogenase.

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a pivotal metabolic enzyme in all living organisms, and some of the GDHs exhibit substrate-dependent homotropic cooperativity. However, the mode of allosteric communication during the homotropic effect in GDHs remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined two homologous GDHs, Aspergillus niger GDH (AnGDH) and Aspergillus terreus GDH (AtGDH), with differing substrate utilization kinetics to uncover the factors driving their distinct behavior.

[Retracted] Selenium‑binding protein 1 may decrease gastric cellular proliferation and migration.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that, for the flow cytometric plots shown in Fig. 9A on p. 1628, a pair of data panels showed a surprisingly high level of partially overlapping data, given that the results from differently performed experiments were intended to have been shown in these figure parts.

Developing a semi-automated technique of surface water quality analysis using GEE and machine learning: A case study for Sundarbans.

This study presents a semi-automated approach for assessing water quality in the Sundarbans, a critical and vulnerable ecosystem, using machine learning (ML) models integrated with field and remotely-sensed data. Key water quality parameters-Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Turbidity, Salinity, and pH-were predicted through ML algorithms and interpolated using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) model in ArcGIS Pro. The predictive framework leverages Google Earth Engine (GEE) and AutoML, utilizing deep learning libraries to create dynamic, adaptive models that enhance prediction accuracy.

Dietary Melatonin Boosts Reproduction and Growth Performance of Ornamental Fish Giant Danio (): A Transformative Approach for Scrapping Wild-Caught Fish Business.

The present global trade of endemic ornamental fishes is heavily relied wild-caught species that concerns long-term sustainability. This study examined the effects of dietary melatonin on the reproductive performance and health of (giant danio). A basal diet of 35% protein (basal diet as control) was supplemented with four different doses of melatonin (2 mg [M1], 10 mg [M2], 50 mg [M3] and 100 mg [M4] per 100 g of feed) given to experimental groups in triplicate.

A Molecular Array for 10-second Diagnosis of Common Spinal Tumour Types with Picosecond Infrared Laser Mass Spectrometry.

Background: Improving the surgical outcomes for commonly occurring spinal neoplasms of extradural and intradural extramedullary origins requires precise intraoperative diagnosis provided by highly trained neuropathologists.

Methods: Through a retrospective study of n=319 patient specimens, verified where appropriate by learning curve analysis to be sufficient for statistically significant observations, we aimed to assess the utility of 10-second picosecond infrared laser mass spectrometry (PIRL-MS) for non-subjective diagnosis of major spinal tumour types of metastatic carcinoma, schwannoma and meningiomas.

Results: The sensitivity and specificity values of spinal tumour type diagnosis (based on n=182 independent specimens) were (93±1)% and (97±2)%, respectively.

Structural insights into S-lignin O-demethylation via a rare class of heme peroxygenase enzymes.

The O-demethylation of lignin aromatics is a rate-limiting step in their bioconversion to higher-value compounds. A recently discovered cytochrome P450, SyoA, demethylates the S-lignin aromatic syringol. In this work, we solve high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of substrate-free and substrate-bound SyoA and evaluate demethylation of para-substituted S-lignin aromatics via monooxygenase and peroxide shunt pathways.

FaultSeg: A Dataset for Train Wheel Defect Detection.

Wheels are a critical component of railway infrastructure and work as the load carrier of the train. However, defective wheels pose a serious risk to safety that can gravely jeopardize people's safety. There is a significant risk of injury or death from defective wheels, endangering the lives of individuals.

Acute hypophysitis with pachymeningitis.

Often the workup to find the causes of common symptoms can lead to unexpected findings, thereby emphasising the need to keep a broad suspicion and continued search for emerging evidence. In this report, we describe the case of an elderly woman in her late 60s without any comorbidities, who presented with new-onset neck stiffness, progressive headache and continuous fever with no other clue that could lead us to a telltale diagnosis, and in whom the diagnostic staircase ultimately led to the diagnosis of IgG4 hypophysitis and pachymeningitis. Only a prompt clinical suspicion and appropriately timed workup can help in revealing such intricate and uncommon diagnosis among the maze of more common differentials having similar manifestations.

Effect Size Analysis of Cipaglucosidase Alfa Plus Miglustat Versus Alglucosidase Alfa in ERT-experienced Adults with Late-onset Pompe Disease in PROPEL (S21.003).

Objective: To analyze within-group effect sizes of cipaglucosidase alfa plus miglustat (cipa+mig) and alglucosidase alfa (alg) for efficacy, quality of life (QoL), and biomarker variables in ERT-experienced patients.

Background: The randomized, double-blind PROPEL study (ATB200-03; NCT03729362) compared the efficacy and safety of the investigational two-component enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) cipa+mig with alg plus placebo in adults with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD); 77% of patients had received ERT with alg before study entry (median ERT duration 7.4 years).

Genomic and In Vitro Analysis of Pediococcus pentosaceus MBBL4 Implicated Its Therapeutic Use Against Mastitis Pathogens and as a Potential Probiotic.

Pediococcus pentosaceus has the potential to be used as probiotics and biologics amid rising trends of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and non-communicable diseases. This study analyzed the genome of P. pentosaceus MBBL4, isolated from healthy cow milk, to assess its probiotic properties and antimicrobial efficacy.

The angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonists, PD123,319 ((S-( +)-1-[(4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid), EMA300 (5-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-4-[(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,4,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) and EMA401 ((3S)-5-(benzyloxy)-2-(2,2-diphenylacetyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), evoke pain relief in a varicella zoster virus-induced rat model of neuropathic pain.

Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a type of neuropathic (nerve) pain that persists for more than 3 months after crusting of the last shingles lesion. It is difficult to relieve with analgesic/adjuvant medications, and so novel analgesics are needed. Our aim was to use a rat model of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-induced neuropathic pain to assess the pain relief efficacy of several small molecule angiotensin II type 2 (AT) receptor antagonists (PD123,319, EMA300, and EMA401) relative to clinically used analgesic/adjuvant agents from four different pharmacological classes.

Pentafluorophenol-Catalyzed Metal-Free Fischer Indole Synthesis: A Novel Approach to Carbazole Derivatives and Desbromoarborescidine A.

Carbazoles represent significant heterocyclic compounds with a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. Conventional techniques, such as the Fischer indole synthesis, have been extensively utilized for the construction of these structures. In this study, we report the first use of pentafluorophenol (PFP) as a catalyst in a metal-free approach for the synthesis of carbazoles.

A ketogenic diet enhances aerobic exercise adaptation and promotes muscle mitochondrial remodeling in hyperglycemic mice.

VOpeak is a key health benefit of aerobic exercise; however, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with persistently low VOpeak due to an impaired adaptive response to training. Here, we tested whether reducing blood glucose with a low-carbohydrate/high-fat "ketogenic" diet could restore aerobic exercise adaptation in a mouse model of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and mice were stratified to standard chow (STZ-CHOW), or a ketogenic diet (STZ-KETO), which rapidly normalized blood glucose.

Role of femoral intima-media thickness in risk prediction and assessment of severity of coronary artery disease.

Background/objective: Atherosclerosis is a systemic multifocal disease which most commonly involves branching points of the large and medium-sized arteries. The carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) is an established marker for increased cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to establish the role of femoral intima-media thickness (FIMT) in predicting cardiovascular risk in angiographically confirmed patients of coronary artery disease (CAD) when compared with apparently healthy patients (having normal coronary angiogram).

Effect of 2-Propanol on surface properties and wetting behavior of surfactants on the glass surface.

This study investigates the effects of 2-Propanol (2-PrOH) on the surface and wetting properties of anionic - Sodium bis(2-ethyl hexyl) sulfosuccinate, also known as Aerosol AT (AOT), Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) - and cationic - Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) surfactants on a glass surface. Key surface properties including surface tension(), critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess concentration ( ), and minimum surface area per molecule ( ), were determined in water and varying parts by volume (0.10, 0.

Harnessing root phenotyping and root growth plasticity of landraces of maize ( L.) for enhancing waterlogging tolerance in fragile and challenging agro-ecologies of Eastern Himalaya.

Maize is a major crop of the Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) which faces significant environmental challenges including waterlogging (WL) under changing climate. Through microcosm and field experiments, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity and adaptive mechanisms of maize landraces under WL conditions at the seedling and flowering stages. Based on the response coefficient and waterlogging tolerance coefficient 14 landraces at the seedling stage were found to be WL tolerant whereas RCM-12-19, RCM-32-19, and RCM-16-19, emerged as WL tolerant at both stages.

Morphological, ultrastructure and molecular characterization of (Acari: Hydrachnida: Unionicolidae) isolated from , West Bengal, India.

spp. is a parasitic aquatic mite known to infect freshwater aquatic organisms, especially the marine and freshwater molluscs and few species of sponges. (Acari: Hydrachnida: Unionicolidae) generally infect the freshwater bivalves of the Genus sp.

Understanding HLA-DQ in renal transplantation: a mini-review.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching, particularly with HLA-DQ, significantly impacts the development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and transplant outcomes. HLA-DQ antibodies are highly immunogenic and detrimental, necessitating advanced high-resolution HLA typing to improve mismatch assessment and clinical risk evaluation. Traditional serological or low-resolution typing often misclassifies mismatches, leading to inaccuracies in assessing immunogenicity and predicting outcomes.

ECG Signal Classification of Cardiovascular Disorder using CWT and DCNN.

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) requires precise and efficient diagnostic tools. The manual analysis of Electrocardiograms (ECGs) is labor-intensive, necessitating the development of automated methods to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.

Objective: This research aimed to develop an automated ECG classification using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), and transform 1D ECG signals into 2D spectrograms using CWT and train a DCNN to accurately detect abnormalities associated with CVD.

Loss of an uncharacterized mitochondrial methionine tRNA-synthetase induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response in .

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential for translation, as they charge tRNA molecules with their corresponding amino acids. Alterations in aaRSs can significantly disrupt both cytosolic and mitochondrial translation. Through a forward genetic screen for mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) activators in , we identified a missense mutation (P447V) in the previously uncharacterized gene Y105E8A.

Endothelial Cu Uptake Transporter CTR1 Senses Disturbed Flow to Promote Atherosclerosis through Cuproptosis.

Endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels sense disturbed blood flow (D-flow), which drives mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient, and its disruption of homeostasis has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Cellular Cu levels are tightly controlled by Cu transport proteins including the Cu importer CTR1.

cancer cells outcompete macrophages for microenvironmental zinc to drive immunotherapy resistance.

Approximately 50% of cancers exhibit decreased expression ( ), which is linked to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. While is traditionally recognized as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator, we have previously put forth a new paradigm demonstrating its role in intracellular metabolic reprogramming. Whether the metabolic derangement due to loss alters metabolites within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how that affects the immune compartment and ICB response has never been investigated.