Chemically modified chitosan as a functional biomaterial for drug delivery system.

Chitosan is a natural polymer that can degrade in the environment and support green chemistry. It displays superior biocompatibility, easy access, and easy modification due to the reactive amino groups to transform or improve the physical and chemical properties. Chitosan can be chemically modified to enhance its properties, such as water solubility and biological activity.

Exosomes isolated from citrus lemon: a promising candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

To investigate the efficacy of exosome-like nanovesicles from citrus lemon (EXO-CLs) in combating oxidative stress associated with Alzheimer's disease. EXO-CLs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation, characterized for particle size and evaluated for antioxidant activity. EXO-CLs exhibited a mean size of 93.

Novel therapeutic approaches for the management of hepatitis infections.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) & hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is connected with an enhanced risk of liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional therapy do face certain challenges, for example, poor tolerability and the growth of active resistance.

Nano Lipid Carriers as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Neurodegenerative Disorders - An Overview of Recent Advances.

The last few decades have seen a rise in the number of deaths caused by neurological disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is very complex and has multiple mechanisms, makes drug delivery to the brain challenging for many scientists. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) such as nanoemulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and nano lipid carriers (NLCs) exhibit enhanced bioavailability and flexibility among these nanocarriers.

Propranolol HCL-loaded liposomes for intranasal delivery: and evaluation of optimized formulation using design of experiments.

To develop a propranolol HCL-loaded liposomal nasal formulation for migraine prophylaxis. Formulated the liposomes through thin layer hydration method and optimized via design of experiments (DOE). The prepared liposomes were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, PDI, drug entrapment and drug loading.

Brain tuberculoma: a 52-year-old woman case report.

Introduction: One of the most serious extrapulmonary type of tuberculosis that affects people under the age of 40 is brain tuberculoma. They are space-occupying masses of granulomatous tissue that result from hematogenous spread from a distant focus of tuberculous infection by . Symptoms and radiologic features being nonspecific usually leads to misdiagnosis and mimics a variety of other infectious diseases.

Vitreoretinal disease: a critical review on current technological perspectives and innovative drug-delivery strategies.

To review the state of the art aspects and contemporary innovative drug delivery strategies, for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, their mechanism of action through ocular routes and their future perspectives. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar were used to obtain 156 papers for review. The keywords searched were vitreoretinal diseases; ocular barriers; intravitreal injections; nanotechnology; biopharmaceuticals.

Nanomaterials: an intra-periodontal pocket drug-delivery system for periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a microbiological condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. The fundamental to effective periodontal therapy is choosing the suitable antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, together with the proper route of drug administration and delivery system. Intra-periodontal pocket approach with nano drug-delivery systems (NDDS) such as polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, exosomes, nano micelles, niosome, solid lipid nanoparticles, nano lipid carriers, nanocomposites, nanogels, nanofibers, scaffolds, dendrimers, quantum dots, etc.

Current trends and future perspectives for enhanced drug delivery to central nervous system in treatment of stroke.

Stroke, one of the leading causes of death around the globe, is expected to rise considerably by 2050. The expanding nanotechnology science offers a promising future for medical research treating stroke. Nanomaterials are expanding their application in stroke management by structure and function as in perfluorocarbon, iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanospheres, and other organic and inorganic nanostructures.

Generation of a Live-Attenuated Strain of Chikungunya Virus from an Indian Isolate for Vaccine Development.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) re-emergence in the last decade has resulted in explosive epidemics. Along with the classical symptoms of fever and debilitating arthralgia, there were occurrences of unusual clinical presentations such as neurovirulence and mortality. These generated a renewed global interest to develop prophylactic vaccines.

Nanotechnology Approaches for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery in the Management of Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion and withdrawal from society. Abnormal dopamine levels mainly characterise the disease; various theories of neurotransmitters explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The current therapeutic approach deals with the systemic administration of drugs other than the enteral route, altering the neurotransmitter levels within the brain and providing symptomatic relief.

Development of a Novel Methotrexate-Loaded Nanoemulsion for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment with Site-Specific Targeting Subcutaneous Delivery.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease that causes disability due to progressive inflammation and destruction of the tissues around the joints. Methotrexate is mainly used to prevent the progression of joint destruction and reduce the deformity. The major challenge in treating RA with methotrexate is the systemic side effects that limit dose escalation.

Preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae quality control strains using chocolate agar blocks in glycerol at minus 70 degrees celsius.

We present a method for storage of the quality control strain of S. pneumoniae that could be used in low resource settings. Small blocks of chocolate agar with growth were placed in glycerol (60%V/V) and stored at minus 70 °C.

Renal Salt-Wasting Syndrome Induced by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Containing Cisplatin - A Case Report.

Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in oncology practice. The underlying pathogenetic mechanism for chemotherapy-induced hyponatremia is renal salt-wasting syndrome (RSWS) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Fluid restriction is the treatment of choice in SIADH, whereas salt supplements is the mode of treatment in RSWS.

Isoniazid resistance in patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis using line probe assay in a private multispecialty hospital in Bangalore, India.

We aimed to study the rate of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis samples from a private care setting. A Line probe assay was performed on 74 culture isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or directly on extrapulmonary samples received in our laboratory from 2018 to 2021. The INH mono-resistance among these extrapulmonary samples was 6.

Nose to Brain Delivery of Phenytoin Sodium Loaded Nano Lipid Carriers: Formulation, Drug Release, Permeation and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies.

An acute epileptic seizure is a seizure emergency fatal condition that requires immediate medical attention. IV phenytoin sodium remains the second line therapeutic agent for the immediate treatment of status epilepticus. Phenytoin sodium formulated as nanolipid carriers (NLCs) seems to be promising as an intranasal delivery system for controlling acute seizures.

Naturally occurring and tumor-associated variants of RNF167 promote lysosomal exocytosis and plasma membrane resealing.

Lysosomal exocytosis and resealing of damaged plasma membrane are essential for cellular homeostasis and tumor invasion. However, very little is known of the molecular machinery that regulates these physiological processes. Moreover, no mutations in any of the known regulators of lysosomal exocytosis in primary tumors of patients have been characterized.

The ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 targets the centriolar assembly protein HsSAS-6 for degradation and thereby regulates centriole duplication.

Formation of a single new centriole from a pre-existing centriole is strictly controlled to maintain correct centrosome number and spindle polarity in cells. However, the mechanisms that govern this process are incompletely understood. Here, using several human cell lines, immunofluorescence and structured illumination microscopy methods, and ubiquitination assays, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7), a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase, down-regulates spindle assembly 6 homolog (HsSAS-6), a key protein required for procentriole cartwheel assembly, and thereby regulates centriole duplication.

Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystem for Colon Specific Drug Delivery.

An ideal colon specific drug delivery system needs to perform multiple functions like greater bio availability, less toxicity and higher therapeutic efficacy, all of which require high degree of smartness. This article focuses on the overview of the stimuli-responsive polymers and various nanodrug delivery systems which have found applications in colon specific delivery of drugs as this system provide a link between therapeutic need and drug delivery. These polymers exhibit a non-linear response to a small stimulus leading to a macroscopic alteration in their structure/properties.

UV stabilization of wood by nano metal oxides dispersed in propylene glycol.

Nanoparticles of some of the metal oxides are known to have high UV protective efficiency. The UV filtering efficiency of nanoparticles invariably depends on their size and stability in the dispersion. In the present work, a stable dispersion of nanoparticles of three metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO) and titanium dioxide (TiO), was prepared in propylene glycol (PG) using ultrasonication.

Intra Nasal Gelling System of Lamotrigine Using Ion Activated Mucoadhesive Polymer.

Background: A novel drug delivery system for treating acute epileptic condition.

Objective: To develop an intranasal mucoadhesive formulation of Lamotrigine (LTG) loaded gel, for the treatment of epilepsy to avoid possible side effects and first pass metabolism associated with conventional treatment.

Methods: Lamotrigine was loaded into different polymeric solutions of gellan and xanthan gum.

Sustained release timolol maleate loaded ocusert based on biopolymer composite.

In the present investigation, the effect of timolol maleate loaded ocuserts was studied as an alternative for conventional anti-glaucoma formulation. Ocuserts were prepared using natural polymer sodium alginate and ethyl cellulose. Physico-chemical properties along with drug entrapment efficiency (94-98%), content uniformity (93.

Interferon regulated gene (IRG) expression-signature in a mouse model of chikungunya virus neurovirulence.

Interferon regulated genes (IRGs) are critical in controlling virus infections. Here, we analyzed the expression profile of IRGs in the brain tissue in a mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) neurovirulence. Neurovirulence is one of the newer complications identified in disease caused by re-emerging strains of CHIKV, an alphavirus with positive-strand RNA in the Togaviridae family.

Nucleophosmin (NPM1)/B23 in the Proteome of Human Astrocytic Cells Restricts Chikungunya Virus Replication.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a positive-stranded RNA virus, can cause neurological complications by infecting the major parenchymal cells of the brain such as neurons and astrocytes. A proteomic analysis of CHIKV-infected human astrocytic cell line U-87 MG revealed tight functional associations among the modulated proteins. The predominant cellular pathways involved were of transcription-translation machinery, cytoskeletol reorganization, apoptosis, ubiquitination, and metabolism.