Visible light-mediated radical addition cascade cyclization of aryl isocyanides with tricarbonyls: rapid access to substituted phenanthridines and isoquinolines.

A visible light-mediated synthesis of substituted phenanthridines and isoquinolines from -substituted aryl isocyanides and tricarbonyl compounds is unveiled the radical addition cascade cyclization (RACC) strategy. This acid/base-free method involves an oxidant (a persulphate salt) and a Ru-photocatalyst. This protocol avoids the use of halogenated compounds as pre-functionalized carbonyl precursors.

Burden and predictors of hypertension in India: results of SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to investigate the burden and predictors of HTN in India.

Methods: 6120 subjects participated in the Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney disease (SEEK), a community-based screening program in 53 camps in 13 representative geographic locations in India.

Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India - results from the SEEK (Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney Disease) study.

Background: There is a rising incidence of chronic kidney disease that is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. In India, it has been recently estimated that the age-adjusted incidence rate of ESRD to be 229 per million population (pmp), and >100,000 new patients enter renal replacement programs annually.

Methods: We cross-sectionally screened 6120 Indian subjects from 13 academic and private medical centers all over India.

Survival on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis over 12 years with emphasis on nutritional parameters.

We analyzed the prognostic importance of nutritional markers and mortality data in 537 hemodialysis (HD) and 422 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients followed for up to 12 years. Patients on HD had a 44% lower risk of mortality than did those treated with PD (P: < 0.0001).

Reticulocyte hemoglobin content predicts functional iron deficiency in hemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO.

Early detection of iron sufficiency at the level of the erythropoietic cell is necessary to optimize management of uremic anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). "Absolute" and "functional" iron deficiency are the most important factors causing resistance to administered rHuEPO. Transferrin saturation and serum ferritin measurements have been noted to be insensitive and inaccurate measures to detect functional iron deficiency.

Prealbumin is the best nutritional predictor of survival in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Patients undergoing dialytic therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have greater morbidity and mortality than age-matched individuals with similar demographics in the general population. Risk factors for early death during treatment for ESRD include advanced age, diabetes, hypertension, and malnutrition. We questioned whether the level of serum prealbumin at the start of uremia therapy might serve as a marker of subsequent survival in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Enrollment parathyroid hormone level is a new marker of survival in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis therapy for uremia.

The relatively high morbidity and mortality during dialytic therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States is the subject of current inquiry. Identified risk factors for excess mortality include advanced age, diabetes, and malnutrition exemplified by a low serum albumin level. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has long been thought to contribute to the toxicity of the uremic syndrome.

Predictive value of nutritional markers (albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, and hematocrit) for patients on dialysis for up to 30 years.

Mortality among end-stage renal disease patients in the United States remains unacceptably high despite progress in the management of renal replacement therapy. Consequently, there are few reports of long-term survivors on dialysis. We have analyzed characteristics of long-term (10 to 15 years, N = 40) and very long-term (15 to 30 years, N = 18) survivors on hemodialysis and long-term survivors (more than 10 years, N = 28) on peritoneal dialysis and compared them with "average survivors" (< 5 years, N = 65 for hemodialysis and N = 101 for peritoneal dialysis).

Uremic patients have decreased shear-induced platelet aggregation mediated by decreased availability of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors.

Bleeding and platelet dysfunction are prominent features of uremia. Sh ear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) involves the interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) with platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIb-IIIa, the same receptor-ligand pair involved in in vivo adhesion and aggregation of platelets in the arterial circulation. We have used a modified rotational cone-plate viscometer to measure SIPA and calcium flux in platelets.

Is an elevated level of serum lipoprotein (a) a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in CAPD patients?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single most important cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. An increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level in HD patients is associated with CVD. However, Lp(a) levels in CAPD patients are controversial, and their association with CVD has not been established.

Defective platelet aggregation in uremia is transiently worsened by hemodialysis.

Bleeding is a prominent feature of uremia and remains a significant cause of morbidity in hemodialysis (HD)-dependent patients. To measure the impact of the HD procedure, we performed a prospective cross-over study in eight patients placed consecutively for 2-week periods each on low-flux biocompatible polymethylmethacrylate, low-flux complement-activating cuprophane, and high-flux biocompatible polysulfone membranes. The primary measure of platelet function studied was shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), which has been shown to be a physiologically relevant marker of platelet function and involves the interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWf) with platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIb-IIIa.

Anti-platelet therapy in graft thrombosis: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

Hemodialysis (HD) vascular access thrombosis remains a major cause of morbidity, accounting for 17.4% of all HD patient hospital admissions in 1986. We initiated this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study to examine if dipyridamole and/or aspirin decreased the rate of thrombosis of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts in HD patients.