Space-charge-limited current density for nonplanar diodes with monoenergetic emission using Lie-point symmetries.

Understanding space-charge-limited current density (SCLCD) is fundamentally and practically important for characterizing many high-power and high-current vacuum devices. Despite this, no analytic equations for SCLCD with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity have been derived for nonplanar diodes from first principles. Obtaining analytic equations for SCLCD for nonplanar geometries is often complicated by the nonlinearity of the problem and over constrained boundary conditions.

Effect of focusing element-induced aberrations on filamentation and supercontinuum emission in ambient air.

Femtosecond laser pulse induced filamentation in atmosphere is susceptible to a number of input laser, focusing optics and medium characteristics. Filamentation of fs pulses in atmosphere is an intense propagation regime where the focusing geometry used to focus the fs laser pulses play an important role influencing the filament intensity and the associated supercontinuum. We identified different optical elements used for focusing the fs laser pulses leading to filamentation in air and classified them according to the induced aberrations.

Spatio-temporal characterization of ablative Cu plasma produced by femtosecond filaments.

We present the spatial and temporal characterization of the copper (Cu) plasma produced by the femtosecond laser filaments. The filaments of various lengths and intensities were generated with the aid of three different focusing lenses. Further, the filamentation induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) measurements were carried out for each filament at three different positions along the length of the filament.

Supercontinuum generation from zinc borate glasses: bandgap versus rare-earth doping.

We report an enhanced supercontinuum generation (SCG) from a rare-earth () doped low bandgap zinc borate glass when excited with 60 fs pulses from a Ti-sapphire laser. The emission associated with the absorption bands due to doping (around 420-500 and 580-600 nm) is observed to assist the enhanced SCG.

Apigenin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy Induced by Streptozotocin Nicotinamide Through Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kB Signalling Pathway.

Background: Apigenin is known to have a broad-spectrum efficacy in oxidative stress and conditions due to inflammation, although weak absorption, fast metabolic rate and a fast elimination (systemic) limit the pharmacological efficacy of this drug. Hence, we propose the usage of highly bioavailable Apigenin-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) to recognize such limitations. The defensive function of Apigenin-SLNPs on renal damage induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in animals was studied.

Mucoadhesive buccal film of almotriptan improved therapeutic delivery in rabbit model.

Administration of almotriptan as an oral therapy is largely limited because of poor aqueous solubility and rather low bioavailability. The aim of present investigation was to formulate oral mucoadhesive film of almotriptan to improve the drug delivery and desired therapeutic effects. Placebo films (F1-F8) were prepared by varying the concentrations of Proloc 15 (7.

Embelin impact on paraquat-induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The current examination was intended to observe the defensive impacts of embelin against paraquat-incited lung damage in relationship with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Oxidative stress marker, like malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px), inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, histological examination, and nuclear factor kappa B/mitogen-activated protein kinase (NF-κB/MAPK) gene expression were evaluated in lung tissue. Embelin treatment significantly decreased MDA and increased SOD, CAT, and GSH Px.

An Efficient, Lung-Targeted, Drug-Delivery System To Treat Asthma Via Microparticles.

Background: Chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart disease are the leading causes of death in developing countries. Public health plays an important role in preventing such diseases to improve individuals' quality of life. Conventional dosage schemes used in public health to cure various diseases generally lead to undesirable side effects and renders the overall treatment ineffective.

Correction: Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Mucoadhesive Particles: A Novel, Prolonged-Release Nanocarrier of Sitagliptin for the Treatment of Diabetics.

Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is a widely and commonly used oral hypoglycemic drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; patients typically take higher doses of this drug (50 mg, twice daily). One drawback is that only 38% of the drug is bound reversibly to plasma proteins and 79% is excreted in urine without being metabolized. To overcome this issue, there is a need for a better drug-delivery method to improve its efficacy in patients.

Graphene-based hybrid nanoparticle of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy.

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest prevalence in men and accounts for a high rate of neoplasia-related death. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anti-neoplastic drugs for prostate cancer among others. However, it has low specificity and many side effects and affects normal cells.

Ameliorative effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator gamma agonist on adriamycin-induced cardio toxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

We investigated the rosiglitazone (RSG) effect on adriamycin (ADM)-induced cardio toxicity in experimental animals. Forty adult Wistar male rats were separated into four groups as follows: normal control; RSG (10 mg/kg)-treated; ADM (10 mg/kg)-administered; and ADM (10 mg/kg) + RSG (10 mg/kg)-treated. Serum lipid level, different biochemical biomarkers, histological analysis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1), Caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bax gene expression were assessed in serum and cardiac tissue samples.

Sitagliptin protects liver against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity through upregulating Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) such as sitagliptin has been presented as antidiabetic drugs and has numerous restorative advantages over different diseases; however, its defensive role against aflatoxin b1 (AFB1) liver toxicity has not been previously examined. Wistar rats (65 weeks, male) were utilized in the investigation. Animals were divided into five different groups (n = 10): control; AFB1; AFB1 + Sita (50); AFB1 + Sita (100); and Sita (100).

Cardioprotective role of metformin against sodium arsenite-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Arsenic is a universal component and a notable natural poison. Its exposure to people occurs primarily through natural, therapeutic, and occupational sources. This investigation intended to discover the defensive impact of metformin (100 and 150 mg/kg body weight) against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental animals.

Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation.

Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a new oral dosage preparation of amlodipine besylate (AML) and celecoxib (CEL) for the management of hypertension and osteoarthritis. However, no simultaneous estimation procedures for these two analytes have been described. Hence, two simple, accurate, and precise ultraviolet spectroscopic procedures that manipulated the ratio spectra were established for concurrent quantification of AML and CEL using ethanol as a solvent.

Effective Therapeutic Delivery and Bioavailability Enhancement of Pioglitazone Using Drug in Adhesive Transdermal Patch.

The administration of pioglitazone as an oral therapy is restricted due to various challenges. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the suitability of pioglitazone in adhesive transdermal patch as an alternative delivery system, in order to improve therapeutic delivery. Drug in adhesive pioglitazone (2% /) transdermal patch were optimized for drug release, suitable adhesive, and skin permeation enhancer.

Combinational effect of angiotensin receptor blocker and folic acid therapy on uric acid and creatinine level in hyperhomocysteinemia-associated hypertension.

Homocysteine [HSCH CH CH(NH )COOH] (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid of 135.18 Da of molecular weight, generated during conversion of methionine to cysteine. If there is a higher accumulation of Hcy in the blood, that is usually above 15 µmol/L, it leads to a condition referred to as hyperhomocysteinemia.

Immobilization studies of Candida Antarctica lipase B on gallic acid resin-grafted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Here, we present the successful preparation of a highly efficient gallic acid resin grafted with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and containing a branched brush polymeric shell. Using a convenient co-precipitation method, we prepared FeO nanoparticles stabilized by citric acid. These nanoparticles underwent further silica modification and amino functionalization followed by gallic acid functionalization on their surface.

Protective role of luteolin against bisphenol A-induced renal toxicity through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2/ARE/ HO-1 pathway.

For the development of renal diseases, oxidative stress (OS) is reasoned to be one of the risk factors. For the treatment or prevention of the renal disease, the use of antioxidants could be a hopeful therapeutic mediation as they retard or block the oxidative reaction along with the inflammatory process. Luteolin (Lut) is a plant flavonoid, a pharmacologically active component normally found in glycosylated forms in basic perilla leaf, green pepper, celery, seed, honeysuckle bloom, and chamomile blossom; it exhibits antioxidant activity.

A contemporary biological pathway of islet amyloid polypeptide for the management of diabetic dementia.

Major challenges of dealing elder patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are the individualization of consideration in persons with various comorbid types of conditions. In spite of the fact that microvascular and macrovascular problems associated with DM are well documented, there is only a few numbers of reports viewing different conditions, for example, cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is of specific significance due to its effect on self-care and quality of life.

Embelin attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: Involving inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation in addition with activation of Nrf-2/Ho-1 pathway.

In kidneys, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress were observed in nephrotoxicity triggered by cisplatin. Embelin has the anti-inflammatory property. It also got anti-tumorigenic and antioxidant properties.

An Approach to Enhance Dissolution Rate of Tamoxifen Citrate.

We tested the solubility and dissolution of tamoxifen citrate to ascertain the optimal conditions for faster dissolution. Using the solvent evaporation method and hydrophilic carriers, we formulated tamoxifen citrate (TC) that contained solid dispersions (SDs). We increased the solubility and dissolution rate of TC with a solid dispersion system that consisted of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), beta-cyclodextrin (-CD), and a combination of carriers.

Design, Synthesis, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Studies of New Thiazole-based Chalcones.

Background: Thiazole derivates as well as chalcones, are very important scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Literature survey revealed that they possess wide spectrum of biological activities among which are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial.

Objectives: The current studies describe the synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of twenty eight novel thiazole-based chalcones.

Chemotherapeutic drug targeting to lungs by way of microspheres after intravenous administration.

Purpose: Currently, microsphere technology plays a major role in the development of many new cancer therapies. In the current study, we proposed a targeted drug-delivery system to improve the treatment efficacy of one of the common conventional chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat lung tumors, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Materials And Methods: Following the preparation and optimization of small, solid micro-spheres, ranging in diameter between 5 and 15 µm, the final product 5-fluorouracil gelatin (5-FUG) was formulated using a Buchi Nano Spray Dryer by varying the drug:polymer ratio.

Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives as Anti-tubercular Agents: In-silico Screening for Possible Target Identification.

Background: Benzothiazole derivatives are known for anti-TB properties. Based on the known anti-TB benzothiazole pharmacophore, in the present study, we described the synthesis, structural elucidation, and anti-tubercular screening of a series of novel benzothiazole (BNTZ) derivatives (BNTZ 1-7 and BNTZ 8-13).

Objective: The study aims to carry out the development of benzothiazole based anti-TB compounds.