A real-world analysis of pharmacotherapy adherence and the factors influencing it in Serbia: a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Monitoring the pharmacotherapy adherence in society is crucial for identifying occurance and causes of potential inadequate use of drugs and inform providers about the need for better customer counceling. It is necessary component of the strategic planning of the quality of healthcare services. This population- based study aimed to assess the medication intake adherence in the Republic of Serbia and the individual factors and health system variables influencing its pattern.

Ketamine, an Old-New Drug: Uses and Abuses.

Ketamine as an old-new drug has a variety of clinical implications. In the last 30 years, ketamine has become popular for acute use in humans. Ketamine in standard doses is principally utilized for the induction and maintenance of surgical procedures.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarkers in Postoperative Pain Modulation in Surgically Treated Patients with Laryngeal Cancer-Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma includes different types of laryngectomies with neck dissection. Surgical tissue damage triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. This increases reactive oxygen species production and decreases antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to postoperative oxidative stress.

The Interactions of Magnesium Sulfate and Cromoglycate in a Rat Model of Orofacial Pain; The Role of Magnesium on Mast Cell Degranulation in Neuroinflammation.

Mast cell degranulation impacts the development of pain and inflammation during tissue injury. We investigated the antinociceptive effect of a combination of cromoglycate and magnesium in the orofacial model of pain and the histological profile of the effect of magnesium in orofacial pain. In male Wistar rats, formalin (1.

Serum Concentration of Prostaglandin E2 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Silicosis: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Silicosis is a prevalent incurable pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust. Study aimed to investigate inflammatory, hematological, and biochemical parameters as additional biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring silicosis.

Methods: Research enrolled 14 workers with silicosis and 7 healthy controls (without exposure and silicosis).

Magnesium Sulfate Reduces Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Inflammatory Edema Via Nitric Oxide Production.

Background: Magnesium is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. This study aimed to investigate the anti-edematous effect of magnesium sulfate (MS) in different protocols of use and the possible mechanism of its action.

Methods: In a rat model of carrageenan-induced paw inflammation, the anti-edematous activity of MS was assessed with a plethysmometer.

Investigation of the Antinociceptive Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Leaf by the Tail-Immersion and Formalin Pain Tests in Rats.

Background: leaf is obtained from a plant that is used in traditional medicine in some countries to alleviate inflammatory diseases.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of extract on acute nociceptive and inflammatory pain in rats.

Methods: Antinociceptive activity was examined in Wistar rats by the tail-immersion and formalin tests.

Chloroquine Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

The wider application of gentamicin is limited by potential adverse effects (nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity). The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of chloroquine on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Animals were randomly divided into 1 of 5 groups.

Correlation of Ionized Magnesium with the Parameters of Oxidative Stress as Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Anxiety and Depression: A Pilot Study.

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation. Ionized Mg is the only active form of Mg. The concentration of ionized Mg could be a potentially novel biomarker for anxiety and depression.

Effects of continuous-combined oral drospirenone- estradiol on blood pressure, body weight & lipid profile in early menopausal women.

Background & Objectives: Drospirenone (DRSP) is a progestin with antimineralocorticoid and anti-androgenic activity. When administered in combination with estradiol (E2), it relieves menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of DRSP/E2 on the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in menopausal women with hypertension.

Effects of problem-based learning modules within blended learning courses in medical statistics - A randomized controlled pilot study.

Problem-based learning (PBL) allows students to learn medical statistics through problem solving experience. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of PBL modules implemented in the blended learning courses in medical statistics through knowledge outcomes and student satisfaction. The pilot study was designed as a randomized controlled trial that included 53 medical students who had completed all course activities.

Interactions between Ketamine and Magnesium for the Treatment of Pain: Current State of the Art.

Background: Over the past three decades, NMDA-receptor antagonists have been shown to be efficient drugs for treating pain, particularly pain resistant to conventional analgesics. Emphasis will be on the old-new drugs, ketamine and magnesium, and their combination as a novel approach for treating chronic pain.

Methods: The MEDLINE database was searched via PubMed for articles that were published up to March 1, 2020, with the keywords 'ketamine', 'magnesium', and 'pain' (in the title/abstract).

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel cis and trans 3-substituted anilidopiperidines.

Background: 4-Anilidopiperidine class of synthetic opioid analgesics, with it's representative fentanyl, are by far the most potent and clinically significant for the treatment of the severe chronic and surgical pain. However, side effects of μ-opioids are often quite serious. In order to improve the pharmacological profile of this class of opioid analgesics, a novel fentanyl analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated in vivo for their antinociceptive activity.

Involvement of serotonergic and opioidergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of ketamine-magnesium sulphate combination in formalin test in rats.

Background: Ketamine and magnesium sulphate showed synergic interaction in the tail-immersion test and additive interaction in the rat formalin test. Aim of study was to evaluate the influence of serotonergic and opioidergic system of this combination in the formalin test in rats.

Methods: Antinociceptive activity was assessed by the formalin test in male Wistar rats (200-250 g).

Cannabinoids and Pain: New Insights From Old Molecules.

Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. The prohibition of cannabis in the middle of the 20th century has arrested cannabis research. In recent years there is a growing debate about the use of cannabis for medical purposes.

Evaluation of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Tramadol and Tramadol Plus Magnesium Sulfate in an Acute Inflammatory Model of Pain and Edema in Rats.

Inflammatory pain is the most commonly treated clinical pain, since it develops following trauma or surgery, and accompanies rheumatic or arthritic diseases. Tramadol is one of the most frequently used opioid analgesics in acute and chronic pain of different origin. Magnesium is a widely used dietary supplement that was recently shown to be a safe analgesic drug in different models of inflammatory pain.

Preventive treatment with dizocilpine attenuates oedema in a carrageenan model of inflammation: the interaction of glutamatergic and nitrergic signaling.

Dizocilpine is a highly selective and potent non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. It is well known that dizocilpine has different neuroprotective effects in animal models of pain, epilepsy and oedema during trauma. The search for alternative antiinflammatory drugs is ongoing.

Experience with developing antibiotic stewardship programs in Serbia: potential model for other Balkan countries?

Aim: Antimicrobial resistance and inappropriate use of antibiotics in children are important issues. Consequently, there is a need to develop comprehensive stewardship programs even in hospitals with limited resources starting with children's hospitals.

Methods: Retrospective observational analysis of antimicrobial utilization and resistance patterns over 5 years in a tertiary care children's hospital in Serbia.

Magnesium sulfate reduces formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats with normal magnesium serum levels.

Background: In humans, orofacial pain has a high prevalence and is often difficult to treat. Magnesium is an essential element in biological a system which controls the activity of many ion channels, neurotransmitters and enzymes. Magnesium produces an antinociceptive effect in neuropathic pain, while in inflammatory pain results are not consistent.

Magnesium in Pain Research: State of the Art.

Magnesium has been shown to produce an antinociceptive effect on animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. It has also been shown to exert an analgesic effect on humans in conditions presenting acute (postoperative pain) and chronic (neuropathic) pain. As it is known that magnesium is a physiological antagonist of the N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor ion channel, and that the NMDA receptor plays a key role in central sensitization, the primary mechanism through which magnesium produces its analgesic effect is believed to be blockade of the NMDA receptor in the spinal cord.

Participation of peripheral TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1 and ASIC in a magnesium sulfate-induced local pain model in rat.

We previously showed that magnesium sulfate (MS) has systemic antinociceptive and local peripheral pronociceptive effects. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the mechanism of action of MS has not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study was to explore the participation of TRP channels in the pronociceptive action of MS in rats after its intraplantar injection.

The attitudes of medical students towards rare diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Background/aim: Rare diseases are chronic, degenerative and may lead to permanent disability. We aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes of the 3rd and 6th year medical students towards the treatment of rare diseases in Serbia. Methods.

Pharmacotherapy of Pain in the Older Population: The Place of Opioids.

Pain is a common symptom in older people. It is possible that pain is underreported in older persons due to an incorrect belief that it is an inevitable part of aging. Opioid analgesics are potent medications, with confirmed efficacy for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.

Inhibition of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase does not affect the analgesic effects of NMDA antagonists in visceral inflammatory pain.

Previously we described the antinociceptive effect of magnesium sulfate and dizocilpine (MK-801) in the visceral and somatic rat models of pain. In the somatic model of pain, we established the influence of selective inhibitors of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase on the antihyperalgesic effects of magnesium sulfate and dizocilpine. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine in the rat model of visceral pain whether same mechanisms are involved in the antinociceptive action of magnesium sulfate and dizocilpine.

Prevention of Renal Complications Induced by Non- Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of pain, inflamation and fever. They are usually well tolerated in healthy persons, but in patients with risk factors (advanced age, renal impairment, heart failure, liver disease, concurrent medications with antihypertensive drugs), NSAIDs can induce serious renal adverse effects. They include sodium and water retention with edema, worsening of heart failure, hypertension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal papillary necrosis and acute interstitial nephritis.