From Guidelines to Action: Tackling Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections.

Surgical site infections are a serious public health concern, representing a significant burden on healthcare systems and society. Their occurrence is influenced by several factors, including patient demographics, healthcare facilities and the specific circumstances surrounding surgery. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in this context carries both potential benefits and risks.

Trend of pathogens and respiratory co-infections in the province of Messina: from pediatric age to senescence.

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and they're primarily caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and to a lesser extent by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The study examines the impact of COVID-19 control measures on the circulation of respiratory pathogens, indicating a reduction in infections during the pandemic period. A retrospective study was conducted on 1,286 patients at the "G.

Assessment of 2'-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose Solution as an Irrigant in -Infected Root Canals: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Given the lack of an ideal endodontic irrigant on the market, this study evaluates the antimicrobial potential of a formulated solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose against within infected root canals, and explores any associated impacts related to the duration of irrigation.

Methods: 32 single-rooted teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were infected with , and subsequently subjected to endodontic treatment with two different irrigation systems: sodium hypochlorite or a solution of 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose. These samples were then incubated in sterile culture media at 37 °C to observe microbial activity through turbidity.

Case of tracheal rupture after endotracheal intubation: clinical risk management and medico-legal considerations.

Background: Tracheal injury may be a rare complication of the endotracheal intubation procedure. Incidence and determinant factors are not well known, nevertheless a greater incidence have been recognized with a difficult maneuver or the use of nitrogen peroxide. The therapeutic approach can be conservative or surgical, depending on the characteristics of the lesion and of the patient and therefore the outcomes of medico-legal interest can be different.

Indoor air pollution: an Italian Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) study among the general population.

Background: Indoor air pollution negatively affects population health and the national health services in terms of socio-economic costs. The presence of indoor pollutants depends a lot on lifestyles.

Study Design: The aim of this work is to evaluate knowledge, daily habits and the preventive behaviors in order to contrast the effects on health caused by indoor pollutants.

Proposal of model for personalized early adapted cancer screening in people living with HIV: experience of "Gaetano Martino" Hospital University of Messina.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has historically been related to the development of specific cancers, some of which are so closely linked to the infection, such as Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), that they have earned the name Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers (ADCs). While the development of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers, the resulting aging of people living with HIV (PLWH) highlighted an increased occurrence of other forms of cancer. At the "Gaetano Martino" hospital in Messina, we developed a multidisciplinary approach by creating a bridge between the Oncology Unit and the Infectious Diseases Unit to carry out screening and a more rapid diagnostic and therapeutic journey for cancers in PLWH.

A Southern addiction evaluation project: investigating the impact of addiction through a survey HBSC based.

Background: Adolescence is a critical phase of development characterized by numerous physical, psychological and social changes. During this stage, individuals may engage in experimentation and risky behavior, leading to increased vulnerability to addiction. This article aims to present the results of a survey based on the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) surveillance model in a province of Southern Italy for primary and secondary school students.

How sizeable are the knowledge, attitude and perception of food risks among young adults? An Italian survey.

Background: in recent years, food safety has become increasingly important and a public health priority, especially in developed and rich countries.

Objectives: to investigate knowledge and perception of food risk among young adults and the related behaviours.

Design: observational study conducted from March to October 2022 through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire based on multiple-choice questions spread online through social networks.

Rates of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer: A Study in a Province in the South of Italy.

In Italy, cervical cancer represents the fifth most prevalent cancer in women under 50 years of age and is one of the most commonly detected lesions globally. Given the developing burden of the disease and the availability of both primary and secondary prevention measures, their accurate surveillance is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in cervical cancer screening adherence in the period between 2020 and 2022, as well as to evaluate positive tests, identifying the most frequently associated genotypes and the vaccination coverage.

Between mandatory vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic: effects on the vaccination coverage trend in a province of Southern Italy.

Background And Aim: Although vaccination is considered an extraordinarily effective and safe tool for the prevention of infectious diseases, from 2013 to 2016 CVs at national level showed a downward trend, falling well below the 95% threshold recommended by the WHO to limit the circulation of viruses and bacteria in the community and to obtain the so-called herd effect in addition to the protection of individual vaccinated individuals. The aim of the study was to assess vaccination coverage data following the introduction of Law 119/2017 and in like to COVID-19 pandemic the impact on vaccination coverage.

Methods: The study was conducted from 1 October 2019 to 1 October 2022, using the OnVac programme.

Serum Pentraxin 3 as Promising Biomarker for the Long-Lasting Inflammatory Response of COVID-19.

Currently, biological markers for COVID-19 disease severity still constitute the main goal of enhancing an efficient treatment to reduce critical consequences such as an abnormal systemic inflammatory response. In this regard, the latest research has shown that Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved innate immunity protein, may serve as a valuable biochemical marker. Based on this evidence, we conducted a case-control study to compare the PTX3 serum levels and several immune-inflammatory mediators of 80 healthcare workers who were subdivided into subjects who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 ( = 40) and individuals who were never infected ( = 40).

Study-related stress, perceived stress and quality of life among healthcare university students.

Background: Many studies have shown that the stress level among healthcare university students is often as high as in workers who experience burnout. Our study investigated if it is possible to observe the burnout syndrome in these kind of students, able to significantly alter the quality of life, their approach to daily activities and relationship life.

Methods: The study was conducted through the administration of an anonymous questionnaire, distributed online through messaging apps, during the breaks between lessons.

The Prognostic Value of Pentraxin-3 in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality Incidence.

Over the last three years, humanity has been facing one of the most serious health emergencies due to the global spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this scenario, the research of reliable biomarkers of mortality from COVID-19 represents a primary objective. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, seems to be associated with a worse outcome of the disease.

The Importance of COVID-19/Influenza Vaccines Co-Administration: An Essential Public Health Tool.

Vaccine co-administration is an important tool with several advantages for public health, among which is the increase of vaccination coverage, as well as economic and logistical benefits. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the immune response to the COVID-19 first booster dose in healthcare workers (HCWs) who chose co-administration and in HCWs who received only COVID-19 vaccination and to investigate personal opinions about the experience of co-administration. We carried out a retrospective analysis involving two groups of HCWs, both vaccinated with the complete primary cycle and the first booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, but one of them was also vaccinated, at the same time as the first booster dose, with the influenza vaccine.

Insight into Prevention of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae: A Short Review.

(gonococcus) and (meningococcus) are important global pathogens which cause the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea and meningitis, respectively, as well as sepsis. We prepared a review according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), with the aims of (a) evaluating the data on the MenB vaccination as protection against sexually transmitted infections by and (b) to briefly comment on the data of ongoing studies of new vaccines. We evaluated existing evidence on the effect of 4CMenB, a multi-component vaccine, on invasive diseases caused by different meningococcal serogroups and on gonorrhea.

Reactogenicity and Humoral Immune Response after Heterologous Vaxzevria/Comirnaty Vaccination in a Group of Individuals Vaccinated in the AOU Policlinic "G. Martino" (Messina, Italy): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

On 11 June 2021, the Italian Ministry of Health authorized the heterologous vaccination schedule. The goals of our retrospective study were to (a) evaluate the undesirable effects after the administration of Vaxzevria and Comirnaty vaccines; (b) evaluate the antibody response after 28 days from the administration of the second dose; and (c) compare the antibody responses after the homologous and heterologous vaccination regimens. The undesirable effects were collected using a survey; IgG Spike was quantified using the electrochemiluminescence method; the comparison between the antibody responses was carried out using the sample of a homologous vaccine schedule previously analyzed.

Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV: A Public Health Fundamental Tool for the Protection of Patients and the Correct Management of Infection.

HIV/AIDS is considered a risk factor for increased mortality due to COVID-19. For this reason, it is essential to include this population in vaccination campaigns. Studies found that antibodies are lower in HIV+ patients than in healthy individuals.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HPV vaccination coverage in the general population and in PLWHs.

Objective: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a global pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health services, including immunization programs, with a consequent reduction in vaccination coverage in those categories for which the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases is strongly recommended.

Subjects And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on the general population and on PLWHs, comparing anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage data in 2019, before COVID-19 pandemic, and the 2020 data, after the announcement of the pandemic state and the lockdown and the implementation of restrictive measures to contain the contagion.

COVID-19: opinions and behavior of Italian general population during the first epidemic phase.

Background And Aim: On January 9, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Chinese health authorities had identified a new coronavirus strain never before isolated in humans, the 2019-nCoV later redefined SARS-CoV-2, that still today represent a public health problem. The present survey started on 10 February 2020 with the aim of a) assessing the risk perception in healthcare workers and young students, following the evolution of attitudes, perception and knowledge over time, b) provide useful information to the general population during survey.

Results: A study sample consisting of 4116 Italian individuals of both sexes was enrolled.

A Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception Study on Flu and COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicentric Italian Survey Insights.

In January 2020, Chinese health authorities identified a novel coronavirus strain never before isolated in humans. It quickly spread across the world, and was eventually declared a pandemic, leading to about 310 million confirmed cases and to 5,497,113 deaths (data as of 11 January 2022). Influenza viruses affect millions of people during cold seasons, with high impacts, in terms of mortality and morbidity.

COVID-19 serological evaluation in a cohort of Vaccinated and Seropositive healthcare workers.

Introduction: Severe Acquired Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represents an unprecedented public health problem and, at present, vaccination is the only weapon available to combat the infection. The simplest and most immediate method to quantify the response of the subject's immune system to vaccination and / or infection is the serological assessment of the antibody titer. The objective of our study was 1) to evaluate the presence of antibody responses in a sample of healthcare workers subjected to a complete vaccination course as per ministerial provisions (double dose for negatives and single dose for ex-SARS-CoV subjects -2 positive) with Comirnaty vaccine (Pfizer / BioNTech) 2) evaluate the presence of statistically significant associations for sex, age and previous positive swab.

Management care improvement of people living with HIV: definition of a targeted clinical pathway in a University Hospital of South Italy.

Background And Aim: In the world 37,9 billions live with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and, despite the availability of retroviral therapy, they have an higher risk to acquire other infectious diseases and to develop severe complications. According to several guidelines their immunization is crucial but only some center have developed a specific scheduled pathway and vaccination coverage is very low.  Aim of this study is: a)incentivize the active and free of charge offer of vaccines and increase of immunization coverage; b) application and implementation of a shared clinical pathway avoiding reluctance, embarrassment or shame by patients for their condition; d) instauration of an empathic relationship between doctor and patient; e) evaluation of side effects.

Immunogenicity and antibody persistence of diphteria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination in adolescents and adults: a systematic review of the literature showed different responses to the available vaccines.

Introduction: In industrialized countries, the routine use of Bordetella pertussis vaccines has shifted the burden of Bordetella pertussis disease from children to infants, adolescents and adults, leading to the necessity for booster doses.

Materials And Methods: We prepared a review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) with the aims of: a) describing the immunogenicity of the main available vaccines for adolescents and adults; b) describing antibody persistence after immunization with the main vaccines available in childhood and adults and, also, possible co-administration; and c) identifying the gold standard for adolescent and adult immunizations.

Results: We identified 6906 records.