Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Incretin-based Therapies: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials.

Background: To report the cardiovascular and renal effects of incretin-based therapies.

Methods: The studies of clinical trials on incretin-based therapy published in medical journals from the years 2010 to 2017 were comprehensively searched using MEDLINE and EMBASE with no language restriction. The studies were reviewed and the cardiovascular and renal risks reported were recorded.

Rectal ischemia causes mass formation, masquerading as rectal cancer.

Rectal ischemia rarely occurs because of the rich vascular supply of the rectum, while endoscopic presentation of ischemic colitis always is not distinct and can uncommonly mimic malignant neoplasm. We present a case of a rectal ischemia, which presented with haematochezia and proctoscopy revealed a large ulcerating mass, masquerading as rectal cancer and obstructed the lumen of rectum. However, histological examinations showed only features for ischemic colitis and no evidence for malignancy.

A case of De Garengeot's hernia with acute appendicitis and literature review.

Background: De Garengeot hernia is defined as femoral hernia containing appendix. An acute appendicitis in a femoral hernia is a extremely unusual surgical finding and occurs in 0.08%-0.