The role of stathmin expression in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and potential treatment of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors.

Background: Stathmin, a cytosolic microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of mitosis, is widely expressed in various malignancies and acts as an adverse prognostic factor. Our research analyzed its immunohistochemical expression on a large cohort of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, evaluating its potential utility in differential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application.

Methods: We examined 390 cases of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors including 281 adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT), 5 juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT), 33 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT), 50 fibromas/thecomas (F/T), 11 Leydig cell tumors/steroid cell tumors (LCT/SterCT), 5 sex-cord stromal tumors NOS (SCST-NOS), 3 Sertoli cell tumors (SCT), and 2 sclerosing stromal tumors (ScST).

An extensive immunohistochemical analysis of 290 ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors with 29 markers.

The current knowledge about the immunohistochemical features of adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is mostly limited to the "traditional" immunohistochemical markers of sex cord differentiation, such as inhibin, calretinin, FOXL2, SF1, and CD99. Knowledge about the immunohistochemical markers possibly used for predictive purpose is limited. In our study, we focused on the immunohistochemical examination of 290 cases of AGCT classified based on strict diagnostic criteria, including molecular testing.

Comprehensive clinicopathological, molecular, and methylation analysis of mesenchymal tumors with NTRK and other kinase gene aberrations.

Alterations in kinase genes such as NTRK1/2/3, RET, and BRAF underlie infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS), the emerging entity 'NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasms' included in the latest WHO classification, and a growing set of tumors with overlapping clinical and pathological features. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 22 cases of IFS and other kinase gene-altered spindle cell neoplasms affecting both pediatric and adult patients. Follow-up periods for 16 patients ranged in length from 10 to 130 months (mean 38 months).

Somatic Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Primary Ovarian Serous Borderline Tumors and Low-Grade Serous Carcinomas.

Low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) may develop from serous borderline tumor (SBT) tissue, where the micropapillary type (mSBT) presents the highest risk for progression. The sensitivity of LGSC to standard chemotherapy is limited, so alternative therapeutic approaches, including targeted treatment, are needed. However, knowledge about the molecular landscape of LGSC and mSBT is limited.

Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 485 cases of epithelial tubo-ovarian tumors.

Preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen selectively expressed in somatic tissues and various solid malignant tumors and is associated with poor prognostic outcome. Our research aimed to comprehensively compare its expression in a large cohort of tubo-ovarian epithelial tumors and examine its correlation with our clinico-pathologic data, as well as to assess its potential use in diagnostics and therapy.We examined 485 cases of epithelial tubo-ovarian tumors including 107 clear cell carcinomas (CCC), 52 endometroid carcinomas (EC), 103 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), 119 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSC)/micropapillary variant of serous borderline tumors (mSBT), and 104 cases of mucinous carcinomas (MC)/mucinous borderline tumors (MBT).

Neuroendocrine Marker Expression in Primary Non-neuroendocrine Epithelial Tumors of the Ovary: A Study of 551 Cases.

Expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers in primary ovarian non-NE epithelial tumors has rarely been evaluated. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of the most widely used NE markers in these neoplasms and to determine any prognostic significance of NE marker expression. The cohort consisted of 551 primary ovarian tumors, including serous borderline tumors, low-grade serous carcinomas, high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC), clear cell carcinomas, endometroid carcinomas, mucinous borderline tumors, and mucinous carcinomas.

Adult orbital xanthogranuloma - a case report.

The periorbital plastic surgery, especially upper and lower blepharoplasty is a very common surgical procedure. Usually the preoperative finding is typical, the surgery routine without unexpected surprises and postoperative course is smooth, quick and without complications. However, periorbital area can also be the source of unexpected findings and peroperative surprises.

Cephalothoracoomphalopagus - a rare type of conjoined twins from the pathologists perspective.

Objective: Case description and autopsy fi nding in conjoined twins dia gnosed in the 24th week of pregnancy. Results: We reporta case of a 31-year-old primigravida who was referred to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at our hospital with a presumptive dia gnosis of conjoined twins. The ultrasound examination with subsequent three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction demonstrated twin gestation complicated by cephalothoracoomphalopagus.

Bronchogenic cyst of gastric cardia - case report and literature review.

Introduction: Intramural bronchogenic cysts of the esophagus are very rare. They are mostly found in the upper mediastinum. Symptoms are caused by compression of surrounding structures by the cyst or complications of the cyst.

Pulmonary metastases in pseudomyxoma peritonei - case report and review of the literature.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a rare disease caused by dissemination of cancer forming mucous and gelatinous masses in the peritoneal cavity. Local recurrence is frequent; however, dissemination outside the peritoneal cavity is rare.  Case report: We present the case report of a female patient treated for bilateral pulmonary metastases from pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Chondroblastoma-like primary malignant giant cell tumor of the humerus - a case report.

35-year-old woman suffered prolonged pain in the left shoulder, where an aggressively growing tumor of the proximal humerus was revealed thereafter. The lesion caused massive osteolysis of the metaepiphysis with cortical disruption, but no soft tissue extension was evident. Given the unsatisfactory effect, the ongoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy was prematurely ceased and the resection 13 cm long segment of bone with modular prosthesis replacement followed.

Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum of the Anogenital Area and Buttocks: A Report of 16 Cases, Including Human Papillomavirus Analysis and HRAS and BRAF V600 Mutation Studies.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a benign tumor most commonly located on the head and neck area often associated with nevus sebaceus. In its usual location, the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and mutations in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway have been detected in SCAP. We studied 16 cases of SCAP in the anogenital areas and buttock where this neoplasm is rare and attempted to find out whether SCAP in these sites have different histopathological and molecular biological features.

Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Patients Differ Strongly in Frequencies and Spectra between Patients with Low CD4+ Cell Counts Examined Postmortem and Compensated Patients Examined Antemortem Irrespective of the HAART Era.

Objective: AIDS-related mortality has changed dramatically with the onset of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which has even allowed compensated HIV-infected patients to withdraw from secondary therapy directed against opportunistic pathogens. However, in recently autopsied HIV-infected patients, we observed that associations with a broad spectrum of pathogens remain, although detailed analyses are lacking. Therefore, we focused on the possible frequency and spectrum shifts in pathogens associated with autopsied HIV-infected patients.

Comparison of Cross-linked and Non-Cross-linked Acellular Porcine Dermal Scaffolds for Long-term Full-Thickness Hernia Repair in a Small Animal Model.

Background: This study compared the strength of incorporation and biocompatibility of 2 porcine-derived grafts (cross-linked and non-cross-linked) in a rat hernia model.

Methods: A standardized 2 × 4 cm(2) fascial defect was created in 30 Wistar rats and repaired with either a cross-linked or a non-cross-linked graft. The rats were killed 3, 6, and 12 months later.

[The current staging for uterine body malignancies and its importance for clinical practice].

Reliable staging system should facilitate prognosis assessment, decision on treatments, and evaluation of their outcomes. A good staging system must meet three basic characteristics: validity, reliability, and practicality. The purpose of such system is to offer classification of the extent and progress of gynaecological cancer that will allow the comparison of different treatment methods and the choice of optimal treatment for individual patients.

Mesenchymal stem cells seeded on cross-linked and noncross-linked acellular porcine dermal scaffolds for long-term full-thickness hernia repair in a small animal model.

Biological meshes are biomaterials consisting of extracellular matrix that are used in surgery particularly for hernia treatment, thoracic wall reconstruction, or silicone implant-based breast reconstruction. We hypothesized that combination of extracellular matrices with autologous mesenchymal stem cells used for hernia repair would result in increased vascularization and increased strength of incorporation. We cultured autologous adipose-derived stem cells harvested from the inguinal region of Wistar rats on cross-linked and noncross-linked porcine extracellular matrices.

Changes in expression of some apoptotic markers in different types of human endometrium.

The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and highly balanced counteraction of cellular proliferation and apoptosis are essential for tissue integrity. In our study, we evaluated the expression of apoptosis- regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bax and PARP, and executive apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 in normal, atrophic, hyperplastic and cancerous endometrium. Endometrial samples were obtained from patients who underwent curettage, hysteroresection or hysterectomy.

[Significance of hysteroscopic resection in diagnostics of endometrial cancer].

Objectives: Endometrial cancer is the second most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Its incidence in the Czech Republic is 32/100 000 women and year with a permanent increasing tendency. In comparison with incidence, its mortality remains relatively low, with mortality ratio of 6.